|Whakarāpopototanga|

Mā te whakamahi i te raitarota hei rauemi whakamātautau, i whakamahia te tikanga whakatipu ira-toru-tereihana hei ako i ngā pānga o ngā tere whakato (7, 14 kakano/tereihana) ki ngā kotinga e toru o te raitarota i whakatōkia ki te rama LED mā (te 17, 34, 51 rā) ki te hua. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka taea e te raitarota te tipu noa i raro i te rama LED mā, ā, he tere te tere whakaora i muri i te tapahi, ā, ka taea te whakaputa i runga i ngā tikanga kotinga maha. He pānga nui te tere rui ki te hua. I roto i ngā tapahi e toru, he teitei ake te hua o te 14 kakano/tereihana i te 7 kakano/tereihana. Ko ngā hua o ngā tere rui e rua i whakaatu i te ia o te hekenga tuatahi, kātahi ka piki ake. Ko te tapeke o ngā hua o te 7 kakano/tereihana me te 14 kakano/tereihana he 11.11 me te 15.51 kg/㎡, ia, ā, he kaha ki te tono arumoni.

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tikanga

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau

Ko te pāmahana i roto i te wheketere tipu he 24±2 °C, ko te haumākū whanaunga he 35%–50%, ā, ko te kukū CO2 he 500±50 μmol/mol. I whakamahia he rama panera LED mā, he 49 cm×49 cm te rahi, ā, i whakatakotoria te rama panera ki te 40 cm i runga ake i te paepae mono. Ko te ōwehenga o te matrix he peat: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1, tāpirihia he wai whakapūkara kia ōrite te ranunga, whakatikatikahia te nui o te wai ki te 55%~60%, ā, rongoatia mō te 2~3 hāora i muri i te mimiti katoa o te wai e te matrix, kātahi ka tāutahia kia ōrite ki roto i te 54 cm × 28 cm ki roto i te mono 32-kōhao. Kōwhiria he purapura he momona, he ōrite te rahi mō te rui.

Hoahoa Whakamātautau

Kua whakatakotoria te kaha o te mārama o te rama LED mā ki te 350 μmol/(㎡/s), ko te tohatoha hihi e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia, ko te wā mārama-pōuri he 16 hāora/8 hāora, ā, ko te wā mārama he 5:00~21:00. E rua ngā kiato purapura, 7 me te 14 ngā kakano/pū i whakatakotoria mō te rui. I tēnei whakamātautau, i ruia ngā purapura i te 2 o Noema, 2021. I muri i te rui, i whakatōkia i roto i te pōuri. I tīmata te whakamārama i te 5 o Noema. I te wā whakatipu mārama, i tāpirihia te otinga matūkai Hoagland ki te paepae purapura.

Āhuarangi mō te mārama ma LED

Ngā Tohu me ngā Tikanga Kotinga

Mā te tirotiro, ina tae te teitei toharite o ngā tipu ki te teitei o te mārama o te panera, hauhaketia. I tapahia i te 22 o Noema, 9 o Hakihea me te 26 o Hakihea, me te wā wehe o ngā rā 17. Ko te teitei o te kakau witi he 2.5±0.5 cm, ā, i tīpakohia matapōkeretia ngā tipu ki roto i ngā kōhao e 3 i te wā hauhake, ā, i paunatia, i tuhia hoki te tarutaru rai i hauhaketia, ā, i tatauhia te hua mō ia mita tapawha i roto i te tātai (1). Ko te hua, W ko te taumaha hou o ia kakau witi i tapahia.

Hua=(W×32)/0.1512/1000(kg/㎡)

(Horahanga pereti=0.54×0.28=0.1512 ㎡) (1)

Ngā Hua me te Tātari

Mō te hua toharite, ko ngā ia o ngā hua o ngā mātotorutanga whakato e rua ko te hua tuatahi > te hua tuatoru > te hua tuarua, 24.7 karamu > 15.41 karamu > 12.35 karamu (7 kakano/pū), 36.6 karamu > 19.72 karamu, ia. ＞16.98 karamu (14 kāpū/pū). He rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā mātotorutanga whakato e rua mō te hua o te hua tuatahi, engari kāore he rerekētanga nui i waenga i te hua tuarua, tuatoru me te hua katoa.

Ngā pānga o te tere o te rui me ngā wā tapahi kakau witi ki te hua o te tarutaru rai

E ai ki ngā mahere tapahi rerekē, ka tatauhia te huringa whakaputa. Kotahi te huringa tapahi he 20 ngā rā; e rua ngā tapahi he 37 ngā rā; ā, e toru ngā tapahi he 54 ngā rā. Ko te tere rui o te 7 kakano/pū i te iti rawa te hua, 5.23 kg/㎡ anake. I te wā i 14 ngā kakano/pū te tere rui, ko te hua katoa o te 3 ngā tapahi he 15.51 kg/㎡, tata ki te 3 ngā wā o te hua o te 7 ngā kakano/pū tapahi kotahi, ā, he nui ake i ngā wā tapahi kē atu. Ko te roa o te huringa tipu o ngā tapahi e toru he 2.7 ngā wā o te tapahi kotahi, engari ko te hua he tata ki te 2 ngā wā o te tapahi kotahi. Kāore he rerekētanga nui o te hua i te wā i 7 ngā kakano/pū tapahi 3 ngā wā me 14 ngā kakano/pū tapahi 2 ngā wā, engari ko te rerekētanga o te huringa whakaputa i waenga i ngā tikanga e rua he 17 ngā rā. I te wā i 14 ngā kakano/pū tapahi kotahi te tere rui, kāore i tino rerekē te hua i te 7 ngā kakano/pū tapahi kotahi, e rua rānei ngā wā.

Ko te hua o te tarutaru rai i tapahia 1-3 ngā wā i raro i ngā tere rui e rua

I roto i te whakaputanga, me whakarite he maha o ngā whata, he teitei o ngā whata, me te tere o te rui hei whakanui ake i te hua mō ia wāhi, ā, me whakakotahi te tapahi i te wā tika me te aromatawai kounga kai hei whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua. Me whai whakaaro hoki ki ngā utu ōhanga pēnei i ngā purapura, te mahi, me te rokiroki tarutaru hou. I tēnei wā, kei te raru hoki te umanga tarutaru i te pūnaha tohatoha hua kāore i te tino tika me te iti o te taumata hokohoko. Ka taea anake te tohatoha ki ngā rohe o te rohe, kāore e pai mō te whakatinanatanga o te huinga o te tarutaru me te kararehe puta noa i te motu. E kore e taea e te whakaputanga wheketere tipu te whakapoto noa i te huringa kotinga o te tarutaru rai, te whakapai ake i te tere putanga mō ia wāhi, me te whakatutuki i te tuku tarutaru hou ā-tau, engari ka taea hoki te hanga wheketere kia rite ki te tohatoha whenua me te tauine ahumahi o te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe, me te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe.

Whakarāpopototanga

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he mea taea te whakaputa tarutaru rai i raro i te rama rama LED. Ko ngā hua o te 7 kakano/pū me te 14 kakano/pū he teitei ake i ērā o te hua tuatahi, e whakaatu ana i te ia o te hekenga tuatahi, kātahi ka piki ake. Ko ngā hua o ngā reiti rui e rua i eke ki te 11.11 kg/㎡ me te 15.51 kg/㎡ i te 54 rā. Nō reira, ko te whakaputanga tarutaru rai i roto i ngā wheketere tipu he pūmanawa mō te tono arumoni.

Kaituhi: Yanqi Chen, Wenke Liu.

Ngā mōhiohio tohutoro:

Yanqi Chen, Wenke Liu. Te pānga o te tere o te rui ki te hua o te tarutaru rai i raro i te rama ma LED[J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(4): 26-28.