[Whakarāpopototanga]I runga i te maha o ngā raraunga whakamātautau, ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi take nui mō te whiriwhiri i te kounga o te mārama i roto i ngā wheketere tipu, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri i ngā pūtake mārama, ngā pānga o te mārama whero, kikorangi me te kōwhai, me te whiriwhiri i ngā awhe hihi, kia mārama ai te kounga o te mārama i roto i ngā wheketere tipu. Mā te whakatau i te rautaki taurite ka whakaratohia ētahi otinga whai hua hei whakamahi hei tohutoro.
Te kōwhiringa o te pūtake mārama

Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā wheketere tipu ngā rama LED. Nā te mea he āhuatanga ngā rama LED o te whai huatanga o te kanapa, te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, te iti o te whakaputanga wera, te roa o te ora me te kaha me te whānuitanga o te mārama ka taea te whakarite, e kore e taea anake te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tipu tipu me te kohikohi rauemi whai hua, engari ka taea hoki te penapena pūngao, te whakaiti i te whakaputanga wera me ngā utu hiko. Ka taea te wehewehe anō i ngā rama whakatipu LED ki ngā rama LED whānuitanga whānui maramara kotahi mō te kaupapa whānui, ngā rama LED whānuitanga whānui maramara kotahi mō te tipu, me ngā rama LED whānuitanga ka taea te whakarite maha-maramara. Ko te utu o ngā momo rama LED e rua whakamutunga e motuhake ana ki te tipu he nui ake i te 5 ngā wā i ngā rama LED noa, nō reira me whiriwhiri ngā pūtake mārama rerekē kia rite ki ngā kaupapa rerekē. Mō ngā wheketere tipu nui, ka rerekē ngā momo tipu e whakatipuhia ana e rātou me te tono a te mākete. Hei whakaiti i ngā utu hanga me te kore e pā nui ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga, ka tūtohu te kaituhi kia whakamahia ngā maramara LED whānuitanga whānui mō te whakamārama whānui hei pūtake whakamārama. Mō ngā wheketere iti, mēnā he pumau ngā momo tipu, kia whiwhi ai i te pai me te kounga o te whakaputanga me te kore e nui ake te pikinga o te utu hanga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā maramara LED whānui-whānui mō te rama motuhake ki te tipu, ki te rama whānui rānei hei pūtake rama. Mēnā he mea hei ako i te pānga o te mārama ki te tipu o te tipu me te kohikohi o ngā matū whai hua, kia puta ai te tauira mārama pai rawa atu mō te whakaputanga nui ā muri ake nei, ka taea te whakamahi i te huinga maramara maha o ngā rama LED whānui whakarerekētanga hei whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kaha o te mārama, te whānuitanga me te wā mārama kia whiwhi ai i te tauira mārama pai rawa atu mō ia tipu, ā, hei pūtake mō te whakaputanga nui.

Te mārama whero me te kikorangi

Mō ngā hua whakamātautau motuhake, ina teitei ake te ihirangi o te rama whero (R) i te rama kikorangi (B) (rētihi R:B = 6:2 me te 7:3; pīnihi R:B = 4:1; tipu kūkamo R:B = 7:3; tipu kūkamo R:B = 7:3), i whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau he teitei ake te ihirangi koiora (tae atu ki te teitei o te tipu o te wāhanga rangi, te horahanga rau mōrahi, te taumaha hou me te taumaha maroke, me ētahi atu), engari he nui ake te whānui o te kakau me te taupū tipu kaha o ngā tipu ina teitei ake te ihirangi rama kikorangi i te rama whero. Mō ngā tohu matū koiora, ko te ihirangi rama whero teitei ake i te rama kikorangi he mea pai ki te whakanui ake i te ihirangi huka wairewa i roto i ngā tipu. Heoi, mō te kohikohinga o te VC, te pūmua wairewa, te chlorophyll me ngā carotenoid i roto i ngā tipu, he pai ake te whakamahi i te rama LED he nui ake te ihirangi rama kikorangi i te rama whero, ā, he iti hoki te ihirangi malondialdehyde i raro i tēnei āhuatanga rama.

I te mea ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana te wheketere tipu hei whakatipu huawhenua rau, hei whakatipu tipu ā-umanga rānei, ka taea te whakatau mai i ngā hua o runga ake nei, i raro i te kaupapa o te whakanui ake i te hua me te whai whakaaro ki te kounga, he pai te whakamahi i ngā maramara LED he nui ake te ihirangi rama whero i te rama kikorangi hei pūtake rama. Ko te ōwehenga pai ake ko R:B = 7:3. Heoi anō, ko tēnei ōwehenga o te rama whero me te rama kikorangi ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā momo huawhenua rau, tipu rānei katoa, ā, kāore he whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā tipu rerekē.

Kōwhiringa roangaru whero me te kikorangi

I te wā o te whakapūtanga whakaahua, ka mimitia te pūngao mārama mā te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b. E whakaatu ana te pikitia i raro nei i ngā ira mimiti o te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b, ko te rārangi ira matomato te ira mimiti o te chlorophyll a, ā, ko te rārangi ira kikorangi te ira mimiti o te chlorophyll b. Ka kitea mai i te pikitia e rua ngā tihi mimiti o te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b, tētahi i te rohe mārama kikorangi, tētahi i te rohe mārama whero. Engari he rerekē paku ngā tihi mimiti e rua o te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b. Hei whakamārama, ko ngā roangaru tihi e rua o te chlorophyll a he 430 nm me te 662 nm, ia, ā, ko ngā roangaru tihi e rua o te chlorophyll b he 453 nm me te 642 nm. Kāore ēnei uara roangaru e whā e rerekē me ngā tipu rerekē, nō reira kāore te kōwhiringa o ngā roangaru whero me te kikorangi i roto i te pūtake mārama e rerekē me ngā momo tipu rerekē.

Ngā hihi mimiti o te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b

Ka taea te whakamahi i te rama LED noa me te whānuitanga o te hihi hei pūtake mārama mō te wheketere, mena ka taea e te rama whero me te kikorangi te kapi i ngā roangaru tihi e rua o te chlorophyll a me te chlorophyll b, arā, ko te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru o te rama whero he 620 ~ 680 nm, ko te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru o te rama kikorangi he 400 ki te 480 nm. Heoi, kaua e whānui rawa te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru o te rama whero me te kikorangi, nā te mea ehara i te mea ka moumou noa i te kaha o te mārama, engari ka pāngia anō hoki e ētahi atu pānga.

Mena ka whakamahia he rama LED i titoa mai i ngā maramara whero, kōwhai me te kikorangi hei pūtake rama mō te wheketere tipu, me whakatakoto te roangaru tihi o te rama whero ki te roangaru tihi o te chlorophyll a, arā, i te 660 nm, me whakatakoto te roangaru tihi o te rama kikorangi ki te roangaru tihi o te chlorophyll b, arā, i te 450 nm.

Te tūranga o te mārama kōwhai me te mārama matomato

He tika ake mēnā ko te ōwehenga o te mārama whero, kakariki me te kikorangi ko R:G:B=6:1:3. Mō te whakatau i te roangaru tihi o te mārama kakariki, nā te mea he mahi whakahaere nui tana i roto i te tukanga tipu o te tipu, me noho noa i waenga i te 530 me te 550 nm.

Whakarāpopototanga

Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te rautaki whiriwhiri i te kounga o te mārama i roto i ngā wheketere tipu mai i ngā āhuatanga ariā me ngā āhuatanga mahi, tae atu ki te whiriwhiri i te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru o te mārama whero me te kikorangi i roto i te pūtake mārama LED me te tūranga me te ōwehenga o te mārama kōwhai me te kakariki. I roto i te tukanga tipu tipu, me whai whakaaro whānui hoki ki te taurite tika i waenga i ngā āhuatanga e toru o te kaha o te mārama, te kounga o te mārama me te wā mārama, me tō rātou whanaungatanga ki ngā matūkai, te pāmahana me te haumākū, me te kukū CO2. Mō te whakaputanga tuturu, ahakoa kei te whakaaro koe ki te whakamahi i te whānuitanga whānui, i te whānuitanga maha-maramara rānei o te mārama LED, ko te ōwehenga o ngā roangaru te mea matua hei whakaaroaro, nā te mea hei tāpiri atu ki te kounga o te mārama, ka taea te whakarite i ētahi atu āhuatanga i te wā tūturu i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. Nō reira, ko te whakaaro nui i roto i te wāhanga hoahoa o ngā wheketere tipu ko te whiriwhiri i te kounga o te mārama.

Kaituhi: Yong Xu

Pūtake tuhinga: Pūkete Wechat mō te Hangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua (māra whare kati kōtuhi)

Tohutoro: Yong Xu,Rautaki whiriwhiri kounga mārama i roto i ngā wheketere tipu [J]. Hangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.