Hangarau hangarau ahuwhenua māra whare kati kōtuhi 2022-12-02 17:30 i whakaputaina ki Beijing

Nā te whakawhanake i ngā whare kati kōtuhi pūngao-rā i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria pērā i te koraha, te whenua onepū me te whenua onepu kua tino whakatau i te tautohe i waenga i te kai me ngā huawhenua e whakataetae ana mō te whenua. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga taiao whakatau mō te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā hua pāmahana, e whakatau ana i te angitu, i te kore rānei o te whakaputa hua whare kati kōtuhi. Nō reira, ki te whakawhanake i ngā whare kati kōtuhi pūngao-rā i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria, me whakaoti tuatahi tātou i te raruraru pāmahana taiao o ngā whare kati kōtuhi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakarāpopototia ngā tikanga whakahaere pāmahana i whakamahia i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi whenua kāore i te whakatipuria i ngā tau tata nei, ā, ka tātarihia, ka whakarāpopototia hoki ngā raruraru o nāianei me te ahunga whanaketanga o te pāmahana me te tiaki taiao i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi pūngao-rā whenua kāore i te whakatipuria.

He nui te taupori o Haina, ā, he iti ake ngā rauemi whenua e wātea ana. Neke atu i te 85% o ngā rauemi whenua he rauemi whenua kāore i te whakatipuria, ā, kei te raki-mā-uru o Haina te nuinga e kohikohi ana. I roto i te tuhinga Nama 1 o te Komiti Matua i te tau 2022, i tohua kia tere ake te whanaketanga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua whare, ā, i runga i te tiaki i te taiao, me tūhuratia ngā whenua takoto kau me ngā whenua koraha hei whakawhanake i ngā mahi ahuwhenua whare. He nui ngā rauemi whenua koraha, ngā whenua Gobi, ngā whenua koraha me ētahi atu rauemi whenua kāore i te whakatipuria, me ngā rauemi mārama me te wera tūturu o Haina, e tika ana mō te whanaketanga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua whare. Nō reira, he mea nui te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi whenua kāore i te whakatipuria hei whakawhanake i ngā whare kati kōtuhi whenua kāore i te whakatipuria, hei whakarite i te haumarutanga kai ā-motu me te whakaiti i ngā pakanga whakamahinga whenua.

I tēnei wā, ko te whare kati kōtuhi rā kāore i te whakatipuria te momo matua o te whanaketanga ahuwhenua tino whai hua i roto i ngā whenua kāore i te whakatipuria. I te raki-mā-uru o Haina, he nui te rerekētanga o te pāmahana i waenga i te ao me te pō, ā, he iti te pāmahana i te pō i te takurua, ka hua ake te āhuatanga he iti iho te pāmahana iti rawa o roto i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana mō te tipu me te whanaketanga noa o ngā hua. Ko te pāmahana tētahi o ngā āhuatanga taiao e kore e taea te aukati i te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā hua. Mā te pāmahana tino iti ka whakaroa i te tauhohenga ā-tinana me te matū koiora o ngā hua, ka whakaroa hoki i tō rātou tipu me te whanaketanga. Ina iti iho te pāmahana i te rohe e taea e ngā hua te tu atu, ka arahi pea ki te whara hukapapa. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia whakarite i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana mō te tipu me te whanaketanga noa o ngā hua. Hei pupuri i te pāmahana tika o te whare kati kōtuhi rā, ehara i te mea kotahi e taea te whakatau. Me whakamana mai i ngā āhuatanga o te hoahoa whare kati kōtuhi, te hanganga, te whiriwhiri rauemi, te whakahaere me te whakahaere o ia rā. Nō reira, ka whakarāpopototia e tēnei tuhinga te āhua rangahau me te ahunga whakamua o te whakahaere pāmahana o ngā whare kati kōtuhi kāore i te whakatipuria i Haina i ngā tau tata nei mai i ngā āhuatanga o te hoahoa me te hanganga whare kati kōtuhi, ngā mahi tiaki wera me te whakamahana me te whakahaere taiao, kia whakaratohia ai he tohutoro pūnaha mō te hoahoa me te whakahaere whaitake o ngā whare kati kōtuhi kāore i te whakatipuria.

Hanganga me ngā rauemi o te whare kati kōtuhi

Ko te taiao wera o te whare kati kōtuhi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te tuku, te hopu me te rokiroki i te hihi o te rā, e pā ana ki te hoahoa whaitake o te aronga o te whare kati kōtuhi, te āhua me te rauemi o te mata tuku mārama, te hanganga me te rauemi o te pakitara me te tuanui o muri, te whakamarumaru o te turanga, te rahi o te whare kati kōtuhi, te aratau whakamarumaru pō me te rauemi o te tuanui o mua, me ētahi atu, ā, e pā ana hoki ki te kaha o te hanganga me te hanganga o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.

Te kaha tuku mārama o te tuanui o mua

Ko te pūngao matua o te whare kati kōtuhi e ahu mai ana i te rā. He pai te whakanui ake i te kaha tuku mārama o te tuanui o mua mō te whare kati kōtuhi kia nui ake ai te wera, ā, he tūāpapa nui anō hoki hei whakarite i te pāmahana o te whare kati kōtuhi i te takurua. I tēnei wā, e toru ngā tikanga matua hei whakanui ake i te kaha tuku mārama me te wā whiwhi mārama o te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi.

01 te hoahoa i te whakatakotoranga me te azimuth o te whare kati kōtuhi e tika ana

Ka pā te aronga o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te mahi rama o te whare kati kōtuhi me te kaha rokiroki wera o te whare kati kōtuhi. Nō reira, kia nui ake ai te rokiroki wera i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ko te aronga o ngā whare kati kōtuhi kāore i te whakatipuria i te raki-mā-uru o Haina ka anga ki te tonga. Mō te azimuth motuhake o te whare kati kōtuhi, ina whiriwhiria mai i te tonga ki te rawhiti, he pai ki te "hopu i te rā", ā, ka tere te piki o te pāmahana o roto i te ata; ina whiriwhiria mai i te tonga ki te hauauru, he pai ki te whare kati kōtuhi te whakamahi i te mārama o te ahiahi. Ko te aronga tonga he whakataurite i waenga i ngā āhuatanga e rua i runga ake nei. E ai ki te mātauranga o te matawhenua, ka huri te whenua i te 360° i te rā, ā, ka neke te azimuth o te rā tata ki te 1° i ia 4 meneti. Nō reira, i ia wā ka rerekē te azimuth o te whare kati kōtuhi mā te 1°, ka rerekē te wā o te rā tika mā te 4 meneti, arā, ka pā te azimuth o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te wā e kite ai te whare kati kōtuhi i te mārama i te ata me te ahiahi.

Ina ōrite ngā hāora mārama o te ata me te ahiahi, ā, he rite te koki o te rawhiti, o te hauauru rānei, ka ōrite ngā hāora mārama o te whare kati kōtuhi. Heoi, mō te rohe kei te raki o te 37° te whānui raki, he iti te pāmahana i te ata, ā, he roa te wā e hurahia ai te whāriki, engari he teitei te pāmahana i te ahiahi me te pō, nō reira he tika kia whakaroahia te wā e kati ai te whāriki whakamahana. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri ēnei rohe mai i te tonga ki te hauauru, me te whakamahi pai i te mārama o te ahiahi. Mō ngā rohe kei te 30°~35° te whānui raki, nā te pai ake o ngā āhuatanga mārama i te ata, ka taea hoki te whakaroa i te wā e tiaki ana i te wera me te hura i te taupoki. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri ēnei rohe mai i te tonga ki te rawhiti kia nui ake ai te hihi o te rā i te ata mō te whare kati kōtuhi. Heoi, i te rohe kei te 35°~37° te whānui raki, he iti noa te rerekētanga o te hihi o te rā i te ata me te ahiahi, nō reira he pai ake te whiriwhiri i te huarahi tonga tika. Ahakoa he tonga-mā-rāwhiti, he tonga-uru rānei, ko te koki rerekētanga he 5° ~8° te nuinga, ā, kaua te koki mōrahi e neke ake i te 10°. Kei te taha raki-mā-uru o Haina te whānuitanga o te 37° ~ 50° te whānui raki, nō reira ko te koki azimuth o te whare kati kōtuhi he mea mai i te tonga ki te hauauru. Nā tēnei, ko te whare kati kōtuhi rā i hangaia e Zhang Jingshe me ētahi atu i te rohe o Taiyuan kua whiriwhiria te aronga o te 5° ki te hauauru o te tonga, ko te whare kati kōtuhi rā i hangaia e Chang Meimei me ētahi atu i te rohe o Gobi o Hexi Corridor kua tangohia te aronga o te 5° ki te 10° ki te hauauru o te tonga, ā, ko te whare kati kōtuhi rā i hangaia e Ma Zhigui me ētahi atu i te raki o Xinjiang kua tangohia te aronga o te 8° ki te hauauru o te tonga.

02 Hoahoa te āhua o te tuanui o mua me te koki piko e tika ana

Ko te āhua me te piko o te tuanui o mua e whakatau ana i te koki taunga o ngā hihi o te rā. Ko te iti o te koki taunga, ko te nui ake o te whakawhiti. E whakapono ana a Sun Juren ko te āhua o te tuanui o mua e whakatau ana i te ōwehenga o te roa o te mata rama matua me te pari o muri. He pai te pari roa o mua me te pari poto o muri mō te tiaki i te rama me te wera o te tuanui o mua. E whakaaro ana a Chen Wei-Qian me ētahi atu ko te tuanui rama matua o te whare kati kōtuhi rā e whakamahia ana i te rohe o Gobi he pewa porowhita me te radius o te 4.5m, ka taea te ātete pai i te makariri. E whakaaro ana a Zhang Jingshe, me ētahi atu, he pai ake te whakamahi i te pewa haurua-porowhita ki te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi i ngā rohe maunga me ngā rohe whānui teitei. Mō te koki piko o te tuanui o mua, e ai ki ngā āhuatanga tuku mārama o te kiriata kirihou, ina ko te koki taunga he 0 ~ 40°, he iti te whakaata o te tuanui o mua ki te rā, ā, ina neke atu i te 40°, ka nui ake te whakaata. Nō reira, ko te 40° te koki mōrahi e tangohia ana hei tatau i te koki piko o te tuanui o mua, kia taea ai e te hihi o te rā te uru ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi ki te taumata teitei rawa atu ahakoa i te rā hotoke. Nō reira, i te wā i hangaia ai he whare kati kōtuhi rā e tika ana mō ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria i Wuhai, Mongolia o Roto, i tatau a He Bin mā i te koki piko o te tuanui o mua me te koki piko o te 40°, ā, i whakaaro ia mēnā he nui ake i te 30°, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te rama whare kati kōtuhi me te tiaki wera. E whakaaro ana a Zhang Caihong mā, i te wā e hanga ana i ngā whare kati kōtuhi i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria o Xinjiang, ko te koki piko o te tuanui o mua o ngā whare kati kōtuhi i te tonga o Xinjiang he 31°, ko te koki piko i te raki o Xinjiang he 32°~33.5°.

03 Kōwhiria ngā rauemi hipoki mārama e tika ana.

Haunga te awe o ngā āhuatanga o te hihi o te rā i waho, ko ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi me te tuku māramatanga o te kiriata kati kōtuhi he mea nui anō hoki e pā ana ki te taiao māramatanga me te wera o te kati kōtuhi. I tēnei wā, he rerekē te tuku māramatanga o ngā kiriata kirihou pēnei i te PE, PVC, EVA me te PO nā te rerekētanga o ngā rauemi me te matotoru o te kiriata. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tuku māramatanga o ngā kiriata kua whakamahia mō te 1-3 tau ka taea te kī he neke atu i te 88% i te katoa, me whiriwhiri i runga i te hiahia o ngā hua mō te māramatanga me te pāmahana. Hei tāpiri, hei tāpiri atu ki te tuku māramatanga i roto i te kati kōtuhi, ko te tohatoha o te taiao māramatanga i roto i te kati kōtuhi he mea anō hoki e aro nui ana te tangata. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua tino mōhiotia te tuku māramatanga e kapi ana i te rauemi me te māramatanga marara whakarei ake e te umanga, inā koa i ngā rohe he kaha te hihi o te rā i te raki-mā-uru o Haina. Nā te whakamahinga o te kiriata māramatanga marara whakarei ake kua whakaitihia te pānga atarangi ki runga me raro o te tuanui hua, kua whakanuia te māramatanga i waenganui me raro o te tuanui hua, kua whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakaahua o te hua katoa, ā, kua whakaatu i te pānga pai ki te whakatairanga i te tipu me te whakanui ake i te hua.

Te hoahoa whaitake o te rahi o te whare kati kōtuhi

He roa rawa, he poto rawa rānei te roa o te whare kati kōtuhi, ka pā ki te whakahaere pāmahana o roto. Mēnā he poto rawa te roa o te whare kati kōtuhi, i mua i te whitinga o te rā me te tōnga o te rā, ka nui te wāhi e whakamarumaruhia ana e ngā tuanui rawhiti me te hauauru, kāore e pai mō te whakamahana o te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, nā te iti o te rahinga, ka pā ki te mimiti me te tuku wera o te oneone me te pakitara o roto. Mēnā he roa rawa, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o roto, ā, ka pā ki te pakari o te hanganga whare kati kōtuhi me te whirihoranga o te tikanga hurihuri whāriki tiaki wera. Ka pā tika te teitei me te whānui o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te māramatanga o te tuanui o mua, te rahi o te wāhi whare kati kōtuhi me te ōwehenga whakamarumaru. Mēnā ka pumau te whānui me te roa o te whare kati kōtuhi, mā te whakanui ake i te teitei o te whare kati kōtuhi ka taea te whakanui ake i te koki mārama o te tuanui o mua mai i te tirohanga o te taiao mārama, e pai ana mō te tuku mārama; Mai i te tirohanga o te taiao wera, ka piki ake te teitei o te pakitara, ka piki ake te wāhi rokiroki wera o te pakitara o muri, he pai mō te rokiroki wera me te tuku wera o te pakitara o muri. Heoi anō, he nui te wāhi, he nui hoki te tere o te kaha wera, ā, he pumau ake te taiao wera o te whare kati kōtuhi. Ko te tikanga, mā te whakanui ake i te teitei o te whare kati kōtuhi ka piki ake te utu o te whare kati kōtuhi, me whai whakaaro whānui. Nō reira, i te wā e hoahoa ana i tētahi whare kati kōtuhi, me whiriwhiri tātou i te roa, te whānuitanga me te teitei e tika ana kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe. Hei tauira, e whakaaro ana a Zhang Caihong mā i te raki o Xinjiang, ko te roa o te whare kati kōtuhi he 50~80m, ko te whānuitanga he 7m, ā, ko te teitei o te whare kati kōtuhi he 3.9m, i te tonga ia o Xinjiang, ko te roa o te whare kati kōtuhi he 50~80m, ko te whānuitanga he 8m, ā, ko te teitei o te whare kati kōtuhi he 3.6~4.0m; E whakaarohia ana hoki kia kaua e iti iho i te 7m te whānuitanga o te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, ki te 8m te whānuitanga, ko te pānga tiaki wera te mea pai rawa atu. Hei tāpiritanga, e whakaaro ana a Chen Weiqian mā kia 80m, 8~10m me 3.8~4.2m te roa, te whānui me te teitei o te whare kati kōtuhi rā ina hangaia ki te rohe o Gobi o Jiuquan, Gansu.

Whakapai ake i te kaha rokiroki wera me te kaha whakamahana o te pakitara

I te awatea, ka kohia te wera e te pakitara mā te mimiti i te hihi o te rā me te wera o te hau o roto. I te pō, ina iti iho te pāmahana o roto i te pāmahana o te pakitara, ka tukuna noa e te pakitara te wera hei whakamahana i te whare kati kōtuhi. Hei te tinana rokiroki wera matua o te whare kati kōtuhi, ka taea e te pakitara te whakapai ake i te pāmahana o roto i te pō mā te whakapai ake i tōna kaha rokiroki wera. I taua wā anō, ko te mahi whakamarumaru wera o te pakitara te pūtake mō te pumau o te taiao wera o te whare kati kōtuhi. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tikanga hei whakapai ake i te kaha rokiroki wera me te whakamarumaru o ngā pakitara.

01 hoahoa hanganga pakitara whaitake

Ko te mahi matua o te pakitara ko te pupuri wera me te tiaki i te wera, ā, i te wa ano, ko te nuinga o ngā pakitara kati kōtuhi he mema pikau hei tautoko i te tuanui. Mai i te tirohanga ki te whiwhi i tētahi taiao wera pai, me nui te kaha pupuri wera o te hanganga pakitara whaitake i te taha o roto, me te kaha tiaki wera i te taha o waho, me te whakaiti i ngā piriti makariri kāore e hiahiatia. I roto i te rangahau o te pupuri wera me te whakamarumaru o te pakitara, i hangaia e Bao Encai me ētahi atu te pakitara pupuri wera onepu totoka i te rohe koraha o Wuhai, Mongolia o Roto. I whakamahia te pereki pore hei paparanga whakamarumaru i waho, ā, i whakamahia te onepu totoka hei paparanga rokiroki wera i roto. I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau ka taea e te pāmahana o roto te eke ki te 13.7℃ i ngā rā paki. I hangaia e Ma Yuehong me ētahi atu he pakitara hiato poraka moata anga witi i te raki o Xinjiang, e whakakīia ana te raima tere ki roto i ngā poraka moata hei paparanga rokiroki wera, ā, ka whakarārangihia ngā putea para ki waho hei paparanga whakamarumaru. Ko te pakitara poraka tuwhera i hangaia e Zhao Peng, me ētahi atu i te rohe o Gobi o te kawanatanga o Gansu, e whakamahi ana i te papa benzene matotoru 100mm hei paparanga whakamarumaru i waho, me te onepu me te pereki poraka tuwhera hei paparanga rokiroki wera i roto. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau ko te pāmahana toharite i te takurua kei runga ake i te 10℃ i te pō, ā, e whakamahi ana hoki a Chai Regeneration, me ētahi atu i te onepu me te kirikiri hei paparanga whakamarumaru me te paparanga rokiroki wera o te pakitara i te rohe o Gobi o te kawanatanga o Gansu. Mō te whakaiti i ngā piriti makariri, i hangaia e Yan Junyue me ētahi atu he pakitara muri māmā, he ngāwari hoki te whakakotahi, ehara i te mea i whakapai ake i te ātete wera o te pakitara, engari i whakapai ake hoki i te āhuatanga hiri o te pakitara mā te whakapiri i te papa polystyrene ki waho o te pakitara muri; i whakatakotoria e Wu Letian me ētahi atu he kurupae mowhiti raima whakapakari ki runga ake i te turanga o te pakitara kati kōtuhi, ā, i whakamahia he pereki trapezoidal i runga ake i te kurupae mowhiti hei tautoko i te tuanui o muri, i whakatau i te raruraru he ngawari te pakaru me te heke o te turanga i roto i ngā kati kōtuhi i Hotian, Xinjiang, ā, ka pā ki te whakamarumaru wera o ngā kati kōtuhi.

02 Kōwhiria ngā rauemi rokiroki wera me te whakamarumaru e tika ana.

Ko te pānga rokiroki wera me te whakamarumaru o te pakitara e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whiriwhiri rauemi. I te koraha raki-mā-uru, Gobi, whenua onepu me ētahi atu wāhi, e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga, i tangohia e ngā kairangahau ngā rauemi o te rohe, ā, i ngana maia ki te hoahoa i ngā momo pakitara o muri o ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā. Hei tauira, i te wā i hangaia ai e Zhang Guosen me ētahi atu he whare kati kōtuhi i roto i ngā mara onepu me te kirikiri i Gansu, i whakamahia te onepu me te kirikiri hei rokiroki wera me ngā paparanga whakamarumaru o ngā pakitara; E ai ki ngā āhuatanga o Gobi me te koraha i te raki-mā-uru o Haina, i hangaia e Zhao Peng he momo pakitara poraka tuwhera me te kirikiri me te poraka tuwhera hei rauemi. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau ko te pāmahana toharite o roto i te pō kei runga ake i te 10℃. I te tirohanga ki te iti o ngā rauemi hanga pēnei i te pereki me te uku i te rohe o Gobi i te raki-mā-uru o Haina, i kitea e Zhou Changji me ētahi atu ko ngā whare kati kōtuhi o te rohe e whakamahi ana i ngā kirikiri hei rauemi pakitara i te wā e rangahau ana i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā i te rohe o Gobi o Kizilsu Kirgiz, Xinjiang. I te tirohanga ki te mahi wera me te kaha miihini o te kirikiri, he pai te mahi a te whare kati kōtuhi i hangaia ki te kirikiri i runga i te tiaki wera, te rokiroki wera me te kawe kawenga. Waihoki, ka whakamahia hoki e Zhang Yong, me ētahi atu, ngā kirikiri hei rauemi matua mō te pakitara, ā, i hangaia he pakitara muri kirikiri rokiroki wera motuhake i Shanxi me ētahi atu wāhi. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau he pai te pānga rokiroki wera. I hangaia e Zhang me ētahi atu he momo pakitara kirikiri e ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe o Gobi ki te raki-mā-uru, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o roto mā te 2.5℃. Hei tāpiri, i whakamatauria e Ma Yuehong me ētahi atu te kaha rokiroki wera o te pakitara onepu kua whakakiia ki te poraka, te pakitara poraka me te pakitara pereki i Hotian, Xinjiang. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ko te pakitara onepu kua whakakiia ki te poraka te mea nui rawa te kaha rokiroki wera. Hei tāpiri, hei whakapai ake i te mahi rokiroki wera o te pakitara, ka kaha te whakawhanake a ngā kairangahau i ngā rauemi me ngā hangarau rokiroki wera hou. Hei tauira, i whakaarohia e Bao Encai he rauemi rongoā huringa āhua, ka taea te whakamahi hei whakapai ake i te kaha rokiroki wera o te pakitara o muri o te whare kati kōtuhi rā i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria ki te raki-mā-uru. I te tūhuratanga o ngā rauemi o te rohe, ka whakamahia hoki te puranga tarutaru, te para, te papa benzene me te kakau witi hei rauemi pakitara, engari ko te nuinga o te wā he mahi tiaki wera anake ēnei rauemi, kāore he kaha rokiroki wera. Ko te tikanga, he pai te pupuri wera me te kaha whakamahana o ngā pakitara kī tonu i te kirikiri me ngā poraka.

03 Whakanuia te matotoru o te pakitara kia tika

I te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui te ātete wera hei ine i te mahi whakamahana o te pakitara, ā, ko te mea e pā ana ki te ātete wera ko te matotoru o te paparanga rauemi i tua atu i te kawe wera o te rauemi. Nō reira, i runga i te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi whakamahana tika, mā te whakanui tika i te matotoru o te pakitara ka taea te whakanui ake i te ātete wera whānui o te pakitara me te whakaiti i te ngaronga wera mā te pakitara, ā, ka whakanui ake i te kaha whakamahana me te rokiroki wera o te pakitara me te whare kati kōtuhi katoa. Hei tauira, i Gansu me ētahi atu rohe, ko te matotoru toharite o te pakitara putea onepu i te Tāone o Zhangye he 2.6m, ko te pakitara pereki moata i te Tāone o Jiuquan he 3.7m. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara, ko te nui ake o tōna kaha whakamahana me te rokiroki wera. Heoi, ki te matotoru rawa ngā pakitara ka nui ake te noho whenua me te utu o te hanganga whare kati kōtuhi. Nō reira, mai i te tirohanga ki te whakapai ake i te kaha whakamahana, me aro nui hoki tātou ki te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi whakamahana wera teitei me te kawe wera iti, pērā i te polystyrene, te polyurethane me ētahi atu rauemi, kātahi ka whakanui ake i te matotoru kia tika.

He hoahoa whaitake o te tuanui o muri

Mō te hoahoa o te tuanui o muri, ko te whakaaro matua kia kaua e pāngia e te atarangi, kia pai ake ai te kaha o te whakamahana. Hei whakaiti i te pānga o te atarangi ki te tuanui o muri, ko te whakatakoto i tōna koki piko e ahu mai ana i te mea ka taea e te tuanui o muri te whiwhi i te rā tika i te awatea i te wā e whakatōngia ana, e whakaputaia ana hoki ngā hua. Nō reira, ko te koki teitei o te tuanui o muri ka whiriwhiria kia pai ake i te koki teitei o te rā o te rohe o te solstice hotoke o te 7°~8°. Hei tauira, e whakaaro ana a Zhang Caihong mā, i te wā e hanga ana i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā i Gobi me ngā whenua tote-kawa i Xinjiang, ko te roa e matapaetia ana o te tuanui o muri he 1.6m, nō reira ko te koki piko o te tuanui o muri he 40° i te tonga o Xinjiang me te 45° i te raki o Xinjiang. E whakaaro ana a Chen Wei-Qian mā me piko te tuanui o muri o te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te rohe o Jiuquan Gobi ki te 40°. Mō te whakamarumaru wera o te tuanui o muri, me whakarite te kaha whakamarumaru wera mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi whakamarumaru wera, te hoahoa matotoru e tika ana, me te hononga whaitake o ngā rauemi whakamarumaru wera i te wā hanga.

Whakaitihia te ngaronga wera o te oneone

I te pō o te takurua, nā te mea he teitei ake te pāmahana o te oneone o roto i tō te oneone o waho, ka whakawhitia te wera o te oneone o roto ki waho mā te kawe wera, ka ngaro te wera o te whare kati kōtuhi. He maha ngā huarahi hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera o te oneone.

01 whakamarumaru oneone

Ka totohu pai te whenua, ka karo i te paparanga oneone tio, ā, ka whakamahia te oneone hei tiaki i te wera. Hei tauira, ko te whare kati kōtuhi rā "1448 rauemi-toru-tinana-kotahi" i whakawhanakehia e Chai Regeneration me ētahi atu whenua kāore i te whakatipuria i Hexi Corridor i hangaia mā te keri 1 mita ki raro, kia kore ai e pā te paparanga oneone tio; E ai ki te hohonutanga o te oneone tio i te rohe o Turpan he 0.8m, i kī a Wang Huamin me ētahi atu kia keri 0.8m hei whakapai ake i te kaha whakamahana o te whare kati kōtuhi. I te hanganga o Zhang Guosen, me ētahi atu, i te pakitara o muri o te whare kati kōtuhi rā keri kiriata-rua rua-āwhata ki runga i te whenua kāore e taea te mahi, ko te hohonutanga keri he 1m. I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau ko te pāmahana iti rawa i te pō i piki ake mā te 2~3℃ ki te whare kati kōtuhi rā o te whakatupuranga tuarua tuku iho.

02 te tiaki makariri o te turanga

Ko te tikanga matua ko te keri i tētahi awaawa ātete makariri i te taha o te turanga o te tuanui o mua, te whakakī i ngā rauemi whakamahana, te tanu tonu rānei i ngā rauemi whakamahana ki raro i te whenua i te taha o te pakitara turanga, ko te whāinga o ēnei katoa he whakaiti i te ngaronga o te wera i puta mai i te whakawhiti wera mā te oneone i te rohe o te whare kati kōtuhi. Ko ngā rauemi whakamahana e whakamahia ana he mea hangai ki ngā āhuatanga o te rohe i te raki-mā-uru o Haina, ā, ka taea te tiki mai i te rohe, pērā i te tarutaru maroke, te para, te huruhuru kohatu, te papa polystyrene, te kakau witi, te paru hoiho, ngā rau kua hinga, te tarutaru pakaru, te puehu rakau, ngā taru kino, te kakau witi, me ētahi atu.

03 kiriata mulch

Mā te hipoki i te kiriata kirihou, ka taea e te hihi o te rā te tae ki te oneone mā roto i te kiriata kirihou i te awatea, ā, ka mimiti te oneone i te wera o te rā, ka wera ake. I tua atu, ka taea e te kiriata kirihou te aukati i te hihi roa e whakaatahia ana e te oneone, ā, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga hihi o te oneone, ka whakanuia hoki te rokiroki wera o te oneone. I te pō, ka taea e te kiriata kirihou te aukati i te whakawhiti wera whakawhiti i waenga i te oneone me te hau o roto, ā, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga wera o te oneone. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e te kiriata kirihou te whakaiti i te ngaronga wera huna i puta mai i te mimiti wai o te oneone. I hipokina e Wei Wenxiang te whare kati kōtuhi ki te kiriata kirihou i te Papa Whenua o Qinghai, ā, i whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te whenua mā te 1℃.

Whakapakari i te mahi whakamahana o te tuanui o mua

Ko te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi te mata matua e marara ana te wera, ā, neke atu i te 75% o te katoa o te wera e ngaro ana i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi ko te wera e ngaro ana. Nō reira, mā te whakapakari i te kaha ārai wera o te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga mā te tuanui o mua, me te whakapai ake i te pāmahana o te whare kati kōtuhi i te takurua. I tēnei wā, e toru ngā huarahi matua hei whakapai ake i te kaha ārai wera o te tuanui o mua.

01 Kua whakamahia he uhi mārama maha-paparanga.

I roto i te hanganga, mā te whakamahi i te kiriata paparua, paparua rānei hei mata whakawhiti mārama o te whare kati kōtuhi ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi whakamahana o te whare kati kōtuhi. Hei tauira, i hangaia e Zhang Guosen mā he whare kati kōtuhi keri-rua-kōpiko rua-rua i te rohe o Gobi o te Tāone o Jiuquan. Ko te taha waho o te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi he mea hanga ki te kiriata EVA, ā, ko te taha roto o te whare kati kōtuhi he mea hanga ki te kiriata ārai-pakeke PVC kore-maturuturu. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau, ki te whakataurite ki te whare kati kōtuhi tuku iho o te whakatupuranga tuarua, he tino pai te pānga whakamahana, ā, ko te pāmahana iti rawa i te pō ka piki ake mā te 2~3℃ i te toharite. Waihoki, i hangaia e Zhang Jingshe, me ētahi atu, he whare kati kōtuhi pūngao me te hipoki kiriata rua mō ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi o ngā rohe whānui me te makariri nui, i tino whakapai ake i te whakamahana o te whare kati kōtuhi. Ki te whakataurite ki te whare kati kōtuhi whakahaere, i piki ake te pāmahana o te pō mā te 3℃. Hei tāpiri, i ngana a Wu Letian mā ki te whakamahi i ngā paparanga e toru o te kiriata EVA matotoru 0.1mm ki te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi pūngao i hangaia ki te rohe koraha o Hetian, Xinjiang. Ka taea e te kiriata papa-maha te whakaiti i te ngaronga wera o te tuanui o mua, engari nā te mea ko te whakawhiti mārama o te kiriata papa-kotahi he tata ki te 90%, ka ārahi noa te kiriata papa-maha ki te whakaiti i te whakawhiti mārama. Nō reira, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te hipoki whakawhiti mārama papa-maha, me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga mārama me ngā whakaritenga mārama o ngā whare kati kōtuhi.

02 Whakapakari i te ārai pō o te tuanui o mua

Ka whakamahia te kiriata kirihou ki te tuanui o mua hei whakanui ake i te whakawhiti mārama i te awatea, ā, ka waiho hei wāhi ngoikore rawa atu i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi katoa i te pō. Nō reira, ko te hipoki i te mata o waho o te tuanui o mua ki te whāriki whakamahana matotoru he mea tika hei mahi whakamahana mō ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā. Hei tauira, i te rohe maunga o Qinghai, i whakamahia e Liu Yanjie me ētahi atu he ārai kakau witi me te pepa kraft hei whāriki whakamahana mō ngā whakamātautau. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau ko te pāmahana iti rawa o roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te pō ka eke ki runga ake i te 7.7℃. I tua atu, e whakapono ana a Wei Wenxiang ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga wera o te whare kati kōtuhi mā te neke atu i te 90% mā te whakamahi i ngā ārai tarutaru takirua, i ngā ārai tarutaru o waho rānei he pepa kraft hei whakamahana i tēnei rohe. I tua atu, i whakamahia e Zou Ping, me ētahi atu, he whāriki whakamahana muka hangarua i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te rohe o Gobi o Xinjiang, ā, i whakamahia e Chang Meimei, me ētahi atu, he whāriki whakamahana miro hanawiti whakamahana i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te rohe o Gobi o Hexi Corridor. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā momo whāriki whakamahana e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā, engari ko te nuinga he mea hanga ki te miro ngira, ki te miro pīrere, ki te miro pērara, me ētahi atu, me ngā paparanga mata ārai-wai, ārai-pakeke rānei i ngā taha e rua. E ai ki te tikanga whakamahana o te whāriki whakamahana, hei whakapai ake i tana mahi whakamahana, me tīmata tātou mā te whakapai ake i tōna ātete wera me te whakaiti i tōna tauwehenga whakawhiti wera, ā, ko ngā mahi matua ko te whakaiti i te kawe wera o ngā rauemi, te whakanui ake i te matotoru o ngā paparanga rauemi, te whakanui ake rānei i te maha o ngā paparanga rauemi, me ētahi atu. Nō reira, i tēnei wā, ko te rauemi matua o te whāriki whakamahana me te mahi whakamahana teitei he mea hanga pinepine ki ngā rauemi hiato maha-paparanga. E ai ki te whakamātautau, ko te tauwehenga whakawhiti wera o te whāriki whakamahana me te mahi whakamahana teitei i tēnei wā ka eke ki te 0.5W/(m2℃), e whakarato ana i te taurangi pai ake mō te whakamahana o ngā whare kati kōtuhi i ngā wāhi makariri i te takurua. Ko te tikanga, he hauhautanga me te puehu te rohe raki-mā-uru, ā, he kaha te hihi ultraviolet, nō reira me pai te mahi ārai-pakeke o te paparanga mata whakamahana.

03 Tāpirihia he ārai whakamahana ā-roto.

Ahakoa kua hipokina te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi rā ki te whāriki whakamahana o waho i te pō, mō ētahi atu hanganga o te whare kati kōtuhi katoa, he ngoikore tonu te tuanui o mua mō te whare kati kōtuhi katoa i te pō. Nō reira, i hangaia e te rōpū kaupapa o "Hanganga me te Hangarau Hanga o te Whare Kati Kōtuhi i te Whenua Kāore e taea te mahi ahuwhenua ki te Tai Hauāuru" he pūnaha whakapiko whakamahana o roto ngāwari (Pikitia 1), ko tōna hanganga he ārai whakamahana o roto pumau i te waewae o mua me te ārai whakamahana o roto neke i te wāhi o runga. Ka whakatuwheratia te ārai whakamahana neke o runga ka whakapikohia ki te pakitara o muri o te whare kati kōtuhi i te awatea, kāore e pā ki te māramatanga o te whare kati kōtuhi; Ko te whāriki whakamahana pumau i raro ka mahi hei hiri i te pō. He ātaahua, he ngāwari hoki te whakahaere i te hoahoa whakamahana o roto, ā, ka taea hoki te mahi hei whakamarumaru me te whakamatao i te raumati.

Hangarau whakamahana hohe

Nā te iti o te pāmahana i te takurua i te raki-mā-uru o Haina, ki te whakawhirinaki noa tātou ki te tiaki me te pupuri wera i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi, kāore tonu e taea e tātou te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakaputanga o ngā hua i te takurua i ētahi rangi makariri, nō reira me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki ētahi mahi whakamahana kaha.

Pūnaha rokiroki pūngao rā me te tuku wera

He take nui tēnei mō te mahi a te pakitara hei tiaki i te wera, hei pupuri i te wera me te amo i te kawenga, ā, ka nui te utu hanga me te iti o te whakamahinga whenua o ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā. Nō reira, ko te whakangawari me te huihuinga o ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā he huarahi whanaketanga nui i te heke mai. I roto i ēnei, ko te whakangawari i te mahi a te pakitara ko te tuku i te mahi pupuri me te tuku wera o te pakitara, kia mau noa te mahi tiaki wera ki te pakitara o muri, he huarahi whai hua tēnei ki te whakangawari i te whanaketanga. Hei tauira, ko te pūnaha pupuri me te tuku wera hohe a Fang Hui (Pikitia 2) e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria pērā i a Gansu, Ningxia me Xinjiang. Kei te pakitara raki tana taputapu kohikohi wera. I te awatea, ka rongoatia te wera e kohia ana e te taputapu kohikohi wera ki roto i te tinana rokiroki wera mā te tohanga o te reo rokiroki wera, ā, i te pō, ka tukuna te wera ka whakamahanahia e te tohanga o te reo rokiroki wera, ā, ka tutuki te whakawhiti wera i te wā me te wāhi. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana iti rawa i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi mā te 3~5℃ mā te whakamahi i tēnei taputapu. Nā Wang Zhiwei me ētahi atu i whakatakoto tētahi pūnaha whakamahana arai wai mō te whare kati kōtuhi pūngao rā i te rohe koraha o Xinjiang ki te tonga, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te whare kati kōtuhi mā te 2.1℃ i te pō.

Hei tāpiritanga, i hangaia e Bao Encai me ētahi atu tētahi pūnaha tohanga rokiroki wera hohe mō te pakitara raki. I te awatea, mā te tohanga o ngā pā hau, ka rere te hau wera o roto i te paipa whakawhiti wera kua whakauruhia ki te pakitara raki, ā, ka whakawhiti te paipa whakawhiti wera i te wera ki te paparanga rokiroki wera i roto i te pakitara, ka whakapai ake i te kaha rokiroki wera o te pakitara. Hei tāpiritanga, ko te pūnaha rokiroki wera huringa-wāhanga rā i hangaia e Yan Yantao me ētahi atu ka penapena i te wera i roto i ngā rauemi huringa-wāhanga mā roto i ngā kaikohi rā i te awatea, kātahi ka tukuna te wera ki te hau o roto mā te tohanga hau i te pō, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana toharite mā te 2.0℃ i te pō. Ko ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu whakamahi pūngao rā o runga ake nei he āhuatanga o te ōhanga, te penapena pūngao me te iti o te waro. Whai muri i te arotautanga me te whakapai ake, me whai tirohanga pai ki te tono i roto i ngā rohe he nui ngā rauemi pūngao rā i te raki-mā-uru o Haina.

Ētahi atu hangarau whakamahana āwhina

01 whakamahana pūngao koiora

Ka konatunatua ngā moenga, te kakau witi, te paru kau, te paru hipi me te paru heihei ki ngā huakita koiora, ā, ka tanumia ki te oneone i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi. He nui te wera e puta ana i te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara, ā, he maha ngā momo hua pai, ngā mea rauropi me te CO2 e puta ana i te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara. Ka taea e ngā momo hua pai te aukati me te patu i ngā momo iroriki, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te putanga mai o ngā mate me ngā pepeke o te whare kati kōtuhi; Ka taea e ngā mea rauropi te huri hei tongi mō ngā hua; Ka taea e te CO2 e puta ana te whakarei ake i te photosynthesis o ngā hua. Hei tauira, i tanumia e Wei Wenxiang ngā tongi rauropi wera pērā i te paru hōiho, te tongi kau me te tongi hipi ki roto i te oneone o roto i te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te Qinghai Plateau, ā, i piki ake ai te pāmahana o te whenua. I roto i te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te rohe koraha o Gansu, i whakamahia e Zhou Zhilong te kakau witi me te tongi rauropi hei whakapūkara i waenga i ngā hua. I whakaatuhia e te whakamātautau ka taea te whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te whare kati kōtuhi mā te 2~3℃.

02 whakamahana waro

Kei reira ngā oumu horihori, ngā whakamahana wai penapena hiko, me ngā whakamahana. Hei tauira, i muri i te rangahau i te Papa Whenua o Qinghai, i kitea e Wei Wenxiang ko te whakamahana oumu horihori te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i te rohe. He pai ake tēnei tikanga whakamahana i te whakamahana tere me te pānga whakamahana mārama. Heoi, ka puta mai ngā hau kino pēnei i te SO2, te CO me te H2S i roto i te tukanga tahu waro, nō reira me mahi pai te tukunga atu i ngā hau kino.

03 whakamahana hiko

Whakamahia he waea whakamahana hiko hei whakamahana i te tuanui o mua o te whare kati kōtuhi, whakamahia rānei he whakamahana hiko. He mea whakamiharo te pānga whakamahana, he haumaru te whakamahinga, kāore he poke e puta mai i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, he ngāwari te whakahaere i ngā taputapu whakamahana. E whakaaro ana a Chen Weiqian me ētahi atu ko te raruraru o te kino o te huka i te takurua i te rohe o Jiuquan e whakararu ana i te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua o Gobi ā-rohe, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wae whakamahana hiko hei whakamahana i te whare kati kōtuhi. Heoi, nā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hiko kounga teitei, he nui te whakapaunga hiko, ā, he nui hoki te utu. E whakaarohia ana me whakamahi hei huarahi whakamahana ohorere rangitahi i te rangi tino makariri.

Ngā mahi whakahaere taiao

I roto i te tukanga whakaputa me te whakamahi i te whare kati kōtuhi, kāore e taea e ngā taputapu katoa me te mahi noa te whakarite kia tutuki pai te taiao wera i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Inaa, he mea nui te whakamahinga me te whakahaere i ngā taputapu ki te hanganga me te tiaki i te taiao wera, ko te mea nui ko te whakahaere i ia rā o te whāriki whakamahana me te hauhautanga.

Te whakahaere i te whāriki whakamahana wera

Ko te whāriki whakamahana te mea nui ki te whakamahana pō o te tuanui o mua, nō reira he mea tino nui kia whakatikatikaina tōna whakahaere me te tiaki i ia rā, inā koa me aro atu ki ēnei raruraru: ①Kōwhiria te wā whakatuwhera me te wā kati tika o te whāriki whakamahana. Ko te wā whakatuwhera me te wā kati o te whāriki whakamahana ehara i te mea ka pā ki te wā whakamārama o te whare kati kōtuhi anake, engari ka pā hoki ki te tukanga whakamahana i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi. Ko te whakatuwhera me te kati i te whāriki whakamahana i te wā wawe rawa, i te wā roa rānei, kāore e pai mō te kohikohi wera. I te ata, ki te huraina wawe rawa te whāriki, ka tino heke te pāmahana o roto nā te iti o te pāmahana o waho me te ngoikore o te mārama. Engari, ki te roa rawa te wā e huraina ai te whāriki, ka poto te wā e whiwhi mārama ai i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, ka roa te pikinga o te pāmahana o roto. I te ahiahi, ki te tineia wawe rawa te whāriki whakamahana, ka poto te wā whakaatu o roto, ā, ka iti te rokiroki wera o te oneone me ngā pakitara o roto. Engari, ki te tineia wawe rawa te tiaki wera, ka piki ake te marara o te wera o te whare kati kōtuhi nā te iti o te pāmahana o waho me te ngoikore o te mārama. Nō reira, i te nuinga o te wā, ina whakakāhia te whāriki whakamahana i te ata, he mea tika kia piki te pāmahana i muri i te hekenga o te 1~2℃, ā, ina whakawetohia te whāriki whakamahana, he mea tika kia piki te pāmahana i muri i te hekenga o te 1~2℃. ② I te wā e kati ana i te whāriki whakamahana, kia tūpato ki te tirotiro mēnā kei te kapi pūmau te whāriki whakamahana i ngā tuanui o mua katoa, ā, whakatikatikahia i te wā tika mēnā he āputa. ③ I muri i te tukunga katoa o te whāriki whakamahana, tirohia mēnā kua whakakīia te wāhanga o raro, kia kore ai e tangohia te pānga tiaki wera e te hau i te pō. ④ Tirohia me te tiaki i te whāriki whakamahana i te wā tika, inā koa mēnā kua pakaru te whāriki whakamahana, whakatikahia, whakakapia rānei i te wā tika. ⑤ Kia tūpato ki ngā āhuatanga o te rangi i te wā tika. Mēnā he ua, he hukarere rānei, taupokina te whāriki whakamahana i te wā tika, ka tangohia te hukarere i te wā tika.

Te whakahaere i ngā pūhau

Ko te kaupapa o te whakapūhautanga i te takurua he whakatikatika i te pāmahana o te hau kia kore ai e nui rawa te pāmahana i te poutumarotanga; ko te tuarua he whakakore i te makuku o roto, he whakaiti i te haumākū o te hau i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke me ngā mate; ko te tuatoru he whakanui ake i te kukū CO2 o roto me te whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā hua. Heoi, he rerekē te whakapūhautanga me te tiaki wera. Ki te kore e whakahaeretia tika te whakapūhautanga, tera pea ka arahi ki ngā raruraru pāmahana iti. Nō reira, me whakarite te wā me te roa o te whakatuwheratanga o ngā pūhautanga kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga taiao o te whare kati kōtuhi i ngā wā katoa. I ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria ki te raki mā uru, e rua ngā huarahi matua o te whakahaere i ngā pūhautanga o te whare kati kōtuhi: te whakahaere ā-ringa me te whakapūhautanga mīhini māmā. Heoi, ko te wā whakatuwheratanga me te wā whakapūhautanga o ngā pūhautanga e ahu mai ana i te whakaaro takitahi o te tangata, nō reira tera pea ka whakatuwheratia wawe rawa, ka roa rawa rānei te whakatuwheratanga o ngā pūhautanga. Hei whakaoti i ngā raruraru o runga ake nei, i hangaia e Yin Yilei me ētahi atu he taputapu whakapūhautanga atamai o te tuanui, ka taea te whakatau i te wā whakatuwheratanga me te rahi whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o ngā kōhao whakapūhautanga kia rite ki ngā huringa o te taiao o roto. I te hōhonutanga o te rangahau mō te ture o te huringa taiao me te hiahia o ngā hua, me te rongonui me te ahunga whakamua o ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu pēnei i te tirohanga taiao, te kohikohi mōhiohio, te tātari me te whakahaere, ko te whakahaere aunoa i te whakahaere hauhautanga i roto i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rā me waiho hei huarahi whanaketanga nui a meake nei.

Ētahi atu mahi whakahaere

I roto i te whakamahinga o ngā momo kiriata whare tiaki, ka ngoikore haere te kaha o te tuku mārama, ā, ko te tere o te ngoikore ehara i te mea e pā ana ki ōna ake āhuatanga ā-tinana anake, engari e pā ana hoki ki te taiao me te whakahaere i te wā e whakamahia ana. I roto i te whakamahinga, ko te mea nui e arahi ana ki te hekenga o te mahi tuku mārama ko te parahanga o te mata o te kiriata. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te horoi me te horoi i ngā wā katoa ina taea e ngā āhuatanga. Hei tāpiri, me tirotiro i ngā wā katoa te hanganga o te whare kati kōtuhi. Mena he turuturu kei roto i te pakitara me te tuanui o mua, me whakatika i te wā tika kia kore ai te whare kati kōtuhi e pāngia e te hau makariri.

Ngā raruraru o nāianei me te ahunga whanaketanga

Kua roa ngā kairangahau e tūhura ana, e ako ana hoki i te hangarau tiaki me te rokiroki wera, te hangarau whakahaere me ngā tikanga whakamahana o ngā whare kati kōtuhi i ngā wāhi kāore i te whakatipuria ki te raki-mā-uru, ā, nā tēnei i tino kitea ai te hua o ngā huawhenua i te takurua, i tino whakapai ake i te kaha o te whare kati kōtuhi ki te ātete i te kino o te whakamatao i te pāmahana iti, ā, i tino kitea ai te hua o ngā huawhenua i te takurua. He takoha nui tēnei ki te whakaiti i te taupatupatu i waenga i te kai me ngā huawhenua e whakataetae ana mō te whenua i Haina. Heoi, kei te mau tonu ngā raruraru e whai ake nei i roto i te hangarau taurangi pāmahana i te raki-mā-uru o Haina.

Ngā momo whare kati kōtuhi hei whakapai ake

I tēnei wā, ko ngā momo whare kati kōtuhi tonu ngā mea noa i hangaia i te mutunga o te rautau 20 me te tīmatanga o tēnei rautau, he māmā noa te hanganga, he hoahoa kāore i te tika, he ngoikore te kaha ki te pupuri i te taiao wera o te whare kati kōtuhi me te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, me te kore o te paerewa. Nō reira, i roto i te hoahoa whare kati kōtuhi ā muri ake nei, me paerewa te āhua me te piko o te tuanui o mua, te koki azimuth o te whare kati kōtuhi, te teitei o te pakitara o muri, te hohonu o te whare kati kōtuhi, me ētahi atu mā te whakakotahi katoa i te whānui whenua me ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi o te rohe. I taua wā anō, kotahi anake te hua ka taea te whakato ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te mea ka taea, kia taea ai te whakataurite i te whare kati kōtuhi kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga mārama me te pāmahana o ngā hua kua whakatohia.

He iti noa te tauine whare kati kōtuhi.

Ki te iti rawa te tauine o te whare kati kōtuhi, ka pā ki te pumau o te taiao wera o te whare kati kōtuhi, me te whanaketanga o te mīhini. I te pikinga haere o te utu mahi, he huarahi nui te whanaketanga mīhini i te heke mai. Nō reira, i te heke mai, me whakatakoto tātou i a tātou anō ki te taumata whanaketanga ā-rohe, me whai whakaaro ki ngā hiahia o te whanaketanga mīhini, me hoahoa tika i te wāhi o roto me te tahora o ngā whare kati kōtuhi, me tere ake te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu ahuwhenua e tika ana mō ngā rohe, me te whakapai ake i te tere mīhini o te hanga whare kati kōtuhi. I taua wā anō, kia rite ki ngā hiahia o ngā hua me ngā tauira whakatipu, me taurite ngā taputapu e tika ana ki ngā paerewa, me te whakatairanga i te rangahau me te whanaketanga whakauru, te auahatanga me te whakatairanga i te hauhautanga, te whakaiti i te makuku, te tiaki wera me ngā taputapu whakamahana.

He matotoru tonu te matotoru o ngā pakitara pēnei i te onepu me ngā poraka tuwhera.

Ki te matotoru rawa te pakitara, ahakoa he pai te pānga o te whakamarumaru, ka whakaitihia te tere whakamahinga o te oneone, ka piki ake te utu me te uaua o te hanganga. Nō reira, i roto i ngā whanaketanga ā muri ake nei, i tētahi taha, ka taea te whakapai ake i te matotoru o te pakitara i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi o te rohe; i tētahi atu taha, me whakatairanga i te māramatanga me te whanaketanga ngāwari o te pakitara o muri, kia mau tonu ai te mahi tiaki wera o te pakitara o muri o te whare kati kōtuhi, me te whakamahi i ngā kaikohi rā me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakakapi i te rokiroki me te tuku wera o te pakitara. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā kaikohi rā ko te pai o te kohikohi wera, te kaha kohikohi wera, te penapena pūngao, te iti o te waro me ētahi atu, ā, ko te nuinga o rātou ka taea te whakahaere me te whakahaere kaha, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i te whakamahana wera-waho e ai ki ngā whakaritenga taiao o te whare kati kōtuhi i te pō, me te pai ake o te whakamahinga wera.

Me whakawhanake he whāriki whakamahana motuhake.

Ko te tuanui o mua te tinana matua o te whakamarara wera i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, ko te mahi whakamahana o te whāriki whakamahana e pā tika ana ki te taiao wera o roto. I tēnei wā, kāore i te pai te pāmahana o te taiao whare kati kōtuhi i ētahi wāhi, nā te mea he angiangi rawa te whāriki whakamahana, ā, kāore i te rawaka te mahi whakamahana o ngā rauemi. I taua wā anō, kei te mau tonu ētahi raruraru o te whāriki whakamahana, pērā i te ngoikore o te ātete wai me te kore e taea te reti, te ngawari o te tawhito o te mata me ngā rauemi matua, me ētahi atu. Nō reira, i ngā rā kei te heke mai, me whiriwhiri pūtaiao ngā rauemi whakamahana e tika ana kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakaritenga o te rangi o te rohe, ā, me hoahoa me te whakawhanake i ngā hua whāriki whakamahana motuhake e tika ana mō te whakamahinga me te rongonui o te rohe.

MUTUNGA

Ngā mōhiohio kua whakahuatia

Luo Ganliang, Cheng Jieyu, Wang Pingzhi, me ētahi atu. Te tūnga rangahau o te hangarau whakapūmau pāmahana taiao o te whare kati kōtuhi rā i te whenua kāore i te whakatipuria ki te raki mā uru [J]. Hangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua, 2022,42(28):12-20.