Rangahau mō te Pānga o te Mārama Tāpiri LED ki te Pānga Whakanui Hua o te Rētihi Hydroponic me te Pakchoi i roto i te Kākāriki i te Takurua
[Whakarāpopototanga] He maha ngā wā ka pāngia a Shanghai e te pāmahana iti me te rā iti, ā, he puhoi te tipu o ngā huawhenua rau hydroponic i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, he roa te huringa whakaputa, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te hiahia o te mākete. I ngā tau tata nei, kua tīmata te whakamahi i ngā rama tāpiri tipu LED i roto i te whakatipu me te whakaputa whare kati kōtuhi, tae noa ki tētahi taumata, hei whakakapi i te hapa kāore e taea e te mārama kua kohia i ia rā i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tipu hua ina kore e ranea te mārama taiao. I roto i te whakamātautau, e rua ngā momo rama tāpiri LED me te kounga mārama rerekē i tāutahia ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi hei whakahaere i te whakamātautau tūhuratanga o te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga o te rētihi hydroponic me te kakau matomato i te hotoke. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua ka taea e ngā momo rama LED e rua te whakanui ake i te taumaha hou mō ia tipu o te pakchoi me te rētihi. Ko te pānga whakanui hua o te pakchoi e whakaatahia ana i roto i te whakapainga o te kounga rongo whānui pērā i te whakanui me te matotoru o te rau, ā, ko te pānga whakanui hua o te rētihi e whakaatahia ana i roto i te pikinga o te maha o ngā rau me te ihirangi o ngā mea maroke.

He wāhanga nui te māramatanga o te tipu o ngā tipu. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rama LED i roto i te whakatipu me te whakaputa i roto i te taiao kati kōtuhi nā te mea he tere teitei te hurihanga hiko-whakaahua, he whānuitanga ka taea te whakarite, me te roa o te ora mahi [1]. I ngā whenua ke, nā te tīmatanga wawe o ngā rangahau e pā ana me te pūnaha tautoko kua pakeke, he maha ngā whakaputanga putiputi, hua me huawhenua nui he rautaki tāpiri rama tino oti. Mā te kohikohinga o te nui o ngā raraunga whakaputa tuturu ka taea hoki e ngā kaihanga te matapae mārama i te pānga o te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga. I taua wā anō, ka aromatawaihia te hokinga mai i muri i te whakamahi i te pūnaha rama tāpiri LED [2]. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau ā-rohe o nāianei mō te rama tāpiri e aro ana ki te kounga rama iti me te arotautanga whānuitanga, ā, kāore he rautaki rama tāpiri ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te whakaputanga tuturu [3]. He maha ngā kaihanga ā-rohe ka whakamahi tika i ngā otinga rama tāpiri o tāwāhi ina whakamahi ana i te hangarau rama tāpiri ki te whakaputanga, ahakoa te āhuarangi o te rohe whakaputa, ngā momo huawhenua i whakaputaina, me ngā āhuatanga o ngā whare me ngā taputapu. Hei tāpiri, ko te utu nui o ngā taputapu rama tāpiri me te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao he maha ngā wā ka puta he āputa nui i waenga i te hua o te hua me te hokinga mai ohaoha me te pānga e tumanakohia ana. Kāore tēnei āhuatanga o nāianei e whai hua ana mō te whanaketanga me te whakatairanga i te hangarau tāpiri rama me te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga i roto i te motu. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakamahia ngā hua rama tāpiri LED kua pakari ki roto i ngā taiao whakaputanga ā-rohe, kia pai ake ai ngā rautaki whakamahinga, kia kohia ai hoki ngā raraunga e tika ana.

Ko te takurua te wā e nui ana te hiahia mō ngā huawhenua rau hou. Ka taea e ngā whare kati kōtuhi te whakarato i tētahi taiao pai ake mō te tipu o ngā huawhenua rau i te takurua i ngā mara ahuwhenua o waho. Heoi, i kī tētahi tuhinga he iti iho i te 50% te whakawhiti mārama o ētahi whare kati kōtuhi kua tawhito, kua kore rānei e ma i te takurua. Hei tāpiri, he ngāwari hoki te puta o te rangi ua roa i te takurua, ka noho te whare kati kōtuhi i roto i te taiao pāmahana iti me te mārama iti, ka pā ki te tipu noa o ngā tipu. Kua waiho te mārama hei take whakawhāiti mō te tipu o ngā huawhenua i te takurua [4]. Ko te Green Cube kua tukuna ki te mahi tuturu ka whakamahia i roto i te whakamātautau. Ko te pūnaha whakato huawhenua rau rere wai papaku ka honoa ki ngā waeine rama LED e rua o runga a Signify (China) Investment Co., Ltd. me ngā ōwehenga mārama kikorangi rerekē. Ko te whakato rētihi me te pakchoi, he huawhenua rau e rua e nui ake ana te hiahia o te mākete, e whai ana ki te ako i te pikinga tuturu o te whakaputanga o ngā huawhenua rau hydroponic mā te rama LED i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi hotoke.

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tikanga
Ngā rauemi i whakamahia mō te whakamātautau

Ko ngā rauemi whakamātautau i whakamahia i roto i te whakamātautau he rētihi me ngā huawhenua pakchoi. Ko te momo rētihi, Green Leaf Lettuce, i ahu mai i Beijing Dingfeng Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., ā, ko te momo pakchoi, Brilliant Green, i ahu mai i te Horticulture Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Tikanga whakamātautau

I whakahaerehia te whakamātautau i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi karāhe momo Wenluo o te turanga Sunqiao o Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. mai i Noema 2019 ki Pēpuere 2020. E rua ngā wāhanga whakamātautau i whakahaerehia. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau i te mutunga o te tau 2019, ā, ko te wāhanga tuarua i te tīmatanga o te tau 2020. I muri i te rui, i whakanohoia ngā rauemi whakamātautau ki roto i te rūma āhuarangi mārama horihori mō te whakatipu tipu, ā, i whakamahia te whakamakuku tai. I te wā whakatipu tipu, i whakamahia te otinga matūkai whānui o ngā huawhenua hydroponic me te EC o te 1.5 me te pH o te 5.5 mō te whakamakuku. I muri i te tipu o ngā tipu ki te 3 rau me te 1 wāhanga ngākau, i whakatōkia ki runga i te moenga whakato huawhenua rau rere papaku momo ara poraka matomato. I muri i te whakatō, i whakamahia e te pūnaha tohanga matūkai rere papaku te EC 2 me te otinga matūkai pH 6 mō te whakamakuku o ia rā. Ko te auau whakamakuku he 10 meneti me te tuku wai me te 20 meneti me te whakamutu i te tuku wai. I whakatūria te rōpū whakahaere (kāore he tāpiringa rama) me te rōpū maimoatanga (tāpiringa rama LED) ki roto i te whakamātautau. I whakatōkia te CK ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi karāhe, kāore he tāpiringa rama. LB: i whakamahia te drw-lb Ho (200W) hei tāpiri i te rama i muri i te whakatōnga ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi karāhe. Ko te mātotoru o te rerenga rama (PPFD) i runga i te mata o te tuanui huawhenua hydroponic he tata ki te 140 μmol/(㎡·S). MB: i muri i te whakatōnga ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi karāhe, i whakamahia te drw-lb (200W) hei tāpiri i te rama, ā, ko te PPFD he tata ki te 140 μmol/(㎡·S).

Ko te rā whakato tuatahi mō ngā whakamātautau ko te 8 o Noema, 2019, ā, ko te rā whakato ko te 25 o Noema, 2019. Ko te wā tāpiri rama mō te rōpū whakamātautau ko te 6:30-17:00; ko te rā whakato tuarua mō ngā whakamātautau ko te 30 o Tīhema, 2019, ko te rā whakato ko te 17 o Hānuere, 2020, ā, ko te wā tāpiri mō te rōpū whakamātautau ko te 4:00-17:00.
I te rangi paki i te takurua, ka whakatuwheratia e te whare kati kōtuhi te tuanui rā, te kiriata taha me te pā hau hei whakapūhau i ia rā mai i te 6:00 ki te 17:00. Ina iti te pāmahana i te pō, ka kati te whare kati kōtuhi i te matapihi tuanui, te kiriata taha me te pā hau i te 17:00 ki te 6:00 (i te rā e whai ake nei), ā, ka whakatuwheratia te ārai whakamahana i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi hei tiaki i te wera o te pō.

Kohikohi Raraunga

I muri i te hauhaketanga o ngā wāhanga o runga ake o te whenua o Qingjingcai me te rētihi, i kohia te teitei o te tipu, te maha o ngā rau, me te taumaha hou mō ia tipu. I muri i te ine i te taumaha hou, ka whakatakotoria ki roto i te oumu, ā, ka whakamaroketia ki te 75℃ mō te 72 hāora. I muri i te mutunga, ka whakatauhia te taumaha maroke. Ka kohia te pāmahana i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi me te Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) ā, ka tuhia i ia 5 meneti e te pūoko pāmahana (RS-GZ-N01-2) me te pūoko irahiko photosynthetically active (GLZ-CG).

Tātari Raraunga

Tātaihia te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga mārama (LUE, Whai Huatanga o te Whakamahinga Mārama) e ai ki te tātai e whai ake nei:
LUE (g/mol) = hua huawhenua mō ia wāhanga horahanga/te tapeke o te māramatanga e whiwhihia ana e ngā huawhenua mō ia wāhanga horahanga mai i te whakatō ki te hauhake
Tātaihia te nui o te mea maroke mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:
Te nui o te matū maroke (%) = te taumaha maroke mō ia tipu/te taumaha hou mō ia tipu x 100%
Whakamahia te Excel2016 me te IBM SPSS Statistics 20 hei tātari i ngā raraunga o te whakamātautau, hei tātari hoki i te hiranga o te rerekētanga.

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tikanga
Mārama me te Pāmahana

E 46 ngā rā i pau i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau mai i te whakatō ki te hauhake, ā, e 42 ngā rā i pau i te wāhanga tuarua mai i te whakatō ki te hauhake. I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau, ko te pāmahana toharite o ia rā i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te nuinga o te wā i waenga i te 10-18 ℃; i te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau, he nui ake te pikinga o te pāmahana toharite o ia rā i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i tērā i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau, ko te pāmahana toharite iti rawa o ia rā ko te 8.39 ℃ me te pāmahana toharite teitei rawa o ia rā ko te 20.23 ℃. I whakaatuhia e te pāmahana toharite o ia rā he ia piki whānui i te tukanga tipu (Pikitia 1).

I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau, ko te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā (DLI) i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i heke iho i te 14 mol/(㎡·D). I te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau, ko te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i whakaatu i te pikinga whānui, he teitei ake i te 8 mol/(㎡·D), ā, i puta te uara mōrahi i te 27 o Pēpuere, 2020, ko te 26.1 mol/(㎡·D). Ko te huringa o te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau he nui ake i tērā i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau (Pikitia 2). I te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau, ko te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā (te tapeke o te māramatanga o ia rā DLI me te māramatanga tāpiri arahina DLI) o te rōpū māramatanga tāpiri he teitei ake i te 8 mol/(㎡·D) i te nuinga o te wā. I te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau, ko te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā i roto i te rōpū māramatanga tāpiri he nui ake i te 10 mol/(㎡·D) i te nuinga o te wā. Ko te tapeke o te mārama tāpiri i kohia i te rauna tuarua he 31.75 mol/㎡, he nui ake i tērā i te rauna tuatahi.

Te Hua o ngā Huawhenua Rau me te Whai Hua o te Whakamahinga Pūngao Mārama

●Te rauna tuatahi o ngā hua whakamātautau
E kitea ana i te Pikitia 3 he pai ake te tupu o te pakchoi tāpirihia ki te rama LED, he kiato ake te āhua o te tipu, ā, he nui ake, he matotoru ake hoki ngā rau i te CK kāore i tāpirihia. He kanapa ake, he pouri ake te kakariki o ngā rau pakchoi LB me MB i te CK. E kitea ana i te Pikitia 4 he pai ake te tupu o te rētihi me te rama tāpiri LED i te CK kāore he rama tāpiri, he nui ake te maha o ngā rau, ā, he kī tonu ake te āhua o te tipu.

Ka kitea i te Ripanga 1 kāore he rerekētanga nui i te teitei o te tipu, te maha o ngā rau, te nui o te matū maroke me te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama o ngā pakchoi i rongoatia ki te CK, LB me te MB, engari ko te taumaha hou o ngā pakchoi i rongoatia ki te LB me te MB he nui ake i te CK; Kāore he rerekētanga nui i te taumaha hou mō ia tipu i waenga i ngā rama whakatipu LED e rua me ngā ōwehenga mārama kikorangi rerekē i roto i te maimoatanga o te LB me te MB.

Ka kitea i te ripanga 2 ko te teitei o te tipu rētihi i te maimoatanga LB he nui ake i tērā i te maimoatanga CK, engari kāore he rerekētanga nui i waenga i te maimoatanga LB me te maimoatanga MB. He rerekētanga nui i roto i te maha o ngā rau i waenga i ngā maimoatanga e toru, ā, ko te maha o ngā rau i te maimoatanga MB te mea teitei rawa, arā, 27. Ko te taumaha hou mō ia tipu o te maimoatanga LB te mea teitei rawa, arā, 101g. He rerekētanga nui anō hoki i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te ihirangi o te mea maroke i waenga i ngā maimoatanga CK me LB. Ko te ihirangi o te MB he 4.24% teitei ake i ngā maimoatanga CK me LB. He rerekētanga nui i roto i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga mārama i waenga i ngā maimoatanga e toru. Ko te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga mārama teitei rawa i roto i te maimoatanga LB, arā, 13.23 g/mol, ā, ko te mea iti rawa i roto i te maimoatanga CK, arā, 10.72 g/mol.

●Te rua o ngā hua o te whakamātautau

Ka kitea i te Ripanga 3 ko te teitei o te tipu o Pakchoi i rongoatia ki te MB he nui ake i te CK, ā, kāore he rerekētanga nui i waenganui i a ia me te maimoatanga LB. Ko te maha o ngā rau o Pakchoi i rongoatia ki te LB me te MB he nui ake i te CK, engari kāore he rerekētanga nui i waenganui i ngā rōpū e rua o ngā maimoatanga mārama tāpiri. He rerekētanga nui i roto i te taumaha hou mō ia tipu i roto i ngā maimoatanga e toru. Ko te taumaha hou mō ia tipu i roto i te CK te mea iti rawa i te 47 karamu, ā, ko te maimoatanga MB te mea teitei rawa i te 116 karamu. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te ihirangi o te mea maroke i waenganui i ngā maimoatanga e toru. He rerekētanga nui i roto i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama. He iti te CK i te 8.74 karamu/mol, ā, ko te maimoatanga MB te mea teitei rawa i te 13.64 karamu/mol.

Ka kitea i te Ripanga 4 kāore he rerekētanga nui i te teitei o te tipu rētihi i roto i ngā maimoatanga e toru. Ko te maha o ngā rau i roto i ngā maimoatanga LB me MB he nui ake i tērā i roto i te CK. I roto i ēnei, ko te maha o ngā rau MB te mea teitei rawa atu, arā, 26. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te maha o ngā rau i waenga i ngā maimoatanga LB me MB. Ko te taumaha mata mō ia tipu o ngā rōpū e rua o ngā maimoatanga mārama tāpiri he nui ake i tērā o te CK, ā, ko te taumaha mata mō ia tipu te mea teitei rawa atu i roto i te maimoatanga MB, arā, 133g. He rerekētanga nui anō hoki i waenga i ngā maimoatanga LB me MB. He rerekētanga nui i roto i te ihirangi o te mea maroke i waenga i ngā maimoatanga e toru, ā, ko te ihirangi o te mea maroke o te maimoatanga LB te mea teitei rawa atu, arā, 4.05%. Ko te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama o te maimoatanga MB he nui ake i tērā o te maimoatanga CK me LB, arā, 12.67 g/mol.

I te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau, he nui ake te tapeke o te DLI o te rōpū mārama tāpiri i te DLI i te maha o ngā rā whakatipuranga i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau (Pikitia 1-2), me te wā mārama tāpiri o te rōpū maimoatanga mārama tāpiri i te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau (4:00-00-17:00). Ki te whakatauritea ki te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau (6:30-17:00), i piki ake mā te 2.5 hāora. Ko te wā hauhake o ngā wāhanga e rua o Pakchoi he 35 ngā rā i muri i te whakatō. He rite tonu te taumaha hou o te tipu CK takitahi i ngā wāhanga e rua. Ko te rerekētanga o te taumaha hou mō ia tipu i roto i te maimoatanga LB me te MB ki te whakatauritea ki te CK i te wāhanga tuarua o ngā whakamātautau he nui ake i te rerekētanga o te taumaha hou mō ia tipu ki te whakatauritea ki te CK i te wāhanga tuatahi o ngā whakamātautau (Ripanga 1, Ripanga 3). Ko te wā hauhake o te wāhanga tuarua o te rētihi whakamātautau he 42 ngā rā i muri i te whakatō, ā, ko te wā hauhake o te wāhanga tuatahi o te rētihi whakamātautau he 46 ngā rā i muri i te whakatō. E whā ngā rā i iti iho ai te maha o ngā rā whakatipu i te wā i hauhaketia ai te rētihi whakamātautau CK i te tuatahi, engari ko te taumaha hou mō ia tipu he 1.57 ngā wā i te tuatahi o ngā whakamātautau (Ripanga 2 me te Ripanga 4), ā, he rite tonu te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga o te pūngao mārama. Ka kitea i te mea ka mahana haere te pāmahana, ka piki haere te māramatanga taiao i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ka poto ake te huringa whakaputa rētihi.

Ngā Rauemi me ngā Tikanga
I hipokina e ngā wāhanga whakamātautau e rua te takurua katoa i Shanghai, ā, i taea e te rōpū whakahaere (CK) te whakahoki mai i te āhua whakaputa tuturu o te kakau matomato hydroponic me te rētihi i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i raro i te pāmahana iti me te iti o te rā i te takurua. He pānga whakatairanga nui tā te rōpū whakamātautau tāpiringa mārama ki te taupū raraunga tino māmā (taumaha hou mō ia tipu) i ngā wāhanga whakamātautau e rua. I roto i aua wāhanga, i kitea te pānga pikinga hua o Pakchoi i roto i te rahi, te tae me te matotoru o ngā rau i te wā kotahi. Engari ko te rētihi ka whakanui ake i te maha o ngā rau, ā, he ahua kī tonu te āhua o te tipu. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau ka taea e te tāpiringa mārama te whakapai ake i te taumaha hou me te kounga o te hua i roto i te whakato i ngā kāwai huawhenua e rua, ā, ka whakanui ake i te hokohoko o ngā hua huawhenua. Ko te Pakchoi i tāpirihia e Ko ngā wae rama LED whero-mā, kikorangi-iti me te whero-mā, kikorangi-waenganui he kakariki pouri ake, he kanapa te āhua i ngā rau kāore he mārama tāpiri, he nui ake, he matotoru ake ngā rau, ā, he kiato ake, he kaha ake te ia o te tipu o te momo tipu katoa. Heoi, ko te "rētihi mosaic" he huawhenua rau kakariki mārama, ā, kāore he tukanga huri tae e kitea ana i roto i te tukanga tipu. Kāore e kitea te huri o te tae o te rau e ngā kanohi tangata. Mā te ōwehenga tika o te mārama kikorangi ka taea te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te rau me te hanga tae whakaahua, me te aukati i te roa o te waenga. Nō reira, ko ngā huawhenua o te rōpū tāpiringa mārama he pai ake ki ngā kaihoko mō te kounga o te āhua.

I te wāhanga tuarua o te whakamātautau, ko te nui o te māramatanga o ia rā o te rōpū mārama tāpiri he nui ake i te DLI i te maha o ngā rā whakatipu i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau (Pikitia 1-2), ā, ko te wā māramatanga tāpiri o te wāhanga tuarua o te rōpū maimoatanga mārama tāpiri (4:00-17:00), ki te whakataurite ki te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakamātautau (6:30-17:00), i piki ake mā te 2.5 hāora. Ko te wā hauhake o ngā wāhanga e rua o Pakchoi he 35 rā i muri i te whakatō. He rite tonu te taumaha hou o te CK i ngā wāhanga e rua. Ko te rerekētanga o te taumaha hou mō ia tipu i waenga i te maimoatanga LB me te MB me te CK i te wāhanga tuarua o ngā whakamātautau he nui ake i te rerekētanga o te taumaha hou mō ia tipu me te CK i te wāhanga tuatahi o ngā whakamātautau (Ripanga 1 me te Ripanga 3). Nō reira, mā te whakaroa i te wā tāpiri māramatanga ka taea te whakatairanga i te pikinga o te whakaputanga o ngā Pakchoi hydroponic i whakatōkia ki roto i te whare i te takurua. Ko te wā hauhake o te tuarua o ngā rauna rētihi whakamātautau he 42 ngā rā i muri i te whakatō, ā, ko te wā hauhake o te tuatahi o ngā rauna rētihi whakamātautau he 46 ngā rā i muri i te whakatō. I te hauhaketanga o te tuarua o ngā rauna rētihi whakamātautau, ko te maha o ngā rā whakatipuranga o te rōpū CK he 4 ngā rā iti iho i tērā o te rauna tuatahi. Heoi, ko te taumaha hou o te tipu kotahi he 1.57 ngā wā i tērā o te rauna tuatahi o ngā whakamātautau (Ripanga 2 me te Ripanga 4). He rite tonu te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga o te pūngao mārama. Ka kitea i te piki haere o te pāmahana me te piki haere o te mārama taiao i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi (Pikitia 1-2), ka taea te whakapoto i te huringa whakaputa rētihi. Nō reira, mā te tāpiri i ngā taputapu mārama tāpiri ki te whare kati kōtuhi i te takurua me te pāmahana iti me te iti o te rā ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga whakaputa rētihi, ā, ka whakanui ake i te whakaputanga. I te rauna tuatahi o te whakamātautau, ko te whakamahinga hiko mārama tāpiri a te tipu tahua rau he 0.95 kw-h, ā, i te rua o ngā rauna o te whakamātautau, ko te whakamahinga hiko mārama tāpiri a te tipu tahua rau he 1.15 kw-h. Ki te whakatauritea i waenga i ngā wāhanga e rua o ngā whakamātautau, ko te whakamahinga mārama o ngā maimoatanga e toru o Pakchoi, he iti iho te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao i te whakamātautau tuarua i tērā i te whakamātautau tuatahi. Ko te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama o ngā rōpū maimoatanga mārama tāpiri rētihi CK me LB i te whakamātautau tuarua he paku iti iho i tērā i te whakamātautau tuatahi. E whakaarohia ana ko te take pea ko te iti o te pāmahana toharite o ia rā i roto i te wiki i muri i te whakato ka roa ake te wā whakatipu puhoi, ā, ahakoa i piki ake te pāmahana i te wā o te whakamātautau, he iti te awhe, ā, he iti tonu te pāmahana toharite o ia rā, i whakawhāiti i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama i te wā o te huringa tipu whānui mō te hydroponics o ngā huawhenua rau. (Pikitia 1).

I te wā o te whakamātautau, kāore i te rite te puna wai matūkai ki ngā taputapu whakamahana, nō reira, he iti tonu te pāmahana o te taiao pakiaka o ngā huawhenua rau hydroponic, ā, he iti noa te pāmahana toharite o ia rā, ā, nā tēnei i kore ai ngā huawhenua e whakamahi katoa i te mārama kohikohi o ia rā i whakanuia mā te whakawhānui i te mārama tāpiri LED. Nō reira, i te wā e tāpiri ana te mārama ki roto i te whare kati kōtuhi i te takurua, me whakaaro ki ngā mahi tiaki wera me te whakamahana tika kia pai ai te pānga o te tāpiri mārama ki te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga. Nō reira, me whakaaro ki ngā mahi tiaki wera me te whakanui ake i te pāmahana kia pai ai te pānga o te tāpiri mārama me te whakanui ake i te hua i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi hotoke. Mā te whakamahinga o te mārama tāpiri LED ka piki ake te utu whakaputa ki tētahi taumata, ā, ehara te whakaputanga ahuwhenua i te ahumahi hua nui. Nō reira, mō te whakapai ake i te rautaki mārama tāpiri me te mahi tahi me ētahi atu mahi i roto i te whakaputanga tuturu o ngā huawhenua rau hydroponic i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi hotoke, me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mārama tāpiri hei whakatutuki i te whakaputanga whai hua me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao mārama me ngā painga ōhanga, me whai tonu ngā whakamātautau whakaputa.

Kaituhi: Yiming Ji, Kang Liu, Xianping Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai green cube Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.).
Puna tuhinga: Hangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua (Hākari Kākāriki).

Ngā Tohutoro:
[1] Jianfeng Dai, Te mahi whakamahi rama LED māra a Philips i roto i te hanga whare kati kōtuhi [J]. Hangarau hangarau ahuwhenua, 2017, 37 (13): 28-32
[2] Xiaoling Yang, Lanfang Song, Zhengli Jin, et al. Te tūnga tono me te tirohanga mō te hangarau tāpiringa mārama mō ngā hua me ngā huawhenua tiakina [J]. Te māra o te raki, 2018 (17): 166-170
[3] Xiaoying Liu, Zhigang Xu, Xuelei Jiao, me ētahi atu. Te rangahau me te tūnga tono me te rautaki whanaketanga o te rama tipu [J]. Journal of lighting engineering, 013, 24 (4): 1-7
[4] Jing Xie, Hou Cheng Liu, Wei Song Shi, me ētahi atu. Te whakamahinga o te pūtake mārama me te whakahaere kounga mārama i roto i te whakaputa huawhenua kati kōtuhi [J]. Huawhenua Hainamana, 2012 (2): 1-7