[Whakarāpopototanga] I tēnei wā, ko ngā taputapu whakato kāinga he hoahoa whakauru, he nui te raruraru ki te nekehanga me te uta me te tango. I runga i ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi noho o ngā kainoho tāone me te whāinga hoahoa o te whakaputa tipu whānau, ka whakaarohia e tēnei tuhinga tētahi momo hoahoa taputapu whakato whānau kua oti te hanga. E whā ngā wāhanga o te taputapu: he pūnaha tautoko, he pūnaha whakatipu, he pūnaha wai me te tongi, me te pūnaha tāpiri rama (ko te nuinga, he rama whakatipu LED). He iti te tapuwae, he nui te whakamahinga o te wāhi, he hanganga hou, he watea te wetewete me te huihuinga, he iti te utu, ā, he kaha te mahi. Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kainoho tāone mō te rētihi hei whakatipu i te tōreri, te huawhenua tere, te kāpeti whai kiko me te begonia fimbristipula. I muri i te whakarerekētanga iti, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te rangahau whakamātautau pūtaiao tipu.

Te Hoahoa Whānui o ngā Taputapu Whakatipu

Ngā Mātāpono Hoahoa

Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te taputapu whakatipu kua oti te hanga, he mea hāngai ki ngā tāngata o te tāone. I tirotirohia katoatia e te tīma ngā āhuatanga o te wāhi noho o ngā tāngata o te tāone. He iti te rohe, ā, he nui te whakamahinga o te wāhi; he hou, he ataahua te hanganga; he watea ki te wetewete me te huihui, he māmā, he ngāwari ki te ako; he iti te utu, ā, he kaha te whakamahi. Ko ēnei mātāpono e whā e rere ana i roto i te tukanga hoahoa katoa, ā, e whai ana kia tutuki te whāinga matua o te whakataurite ki te taiao kāinga, te hanganga ataahua, te hanganga pai, me te uara whakamahinga ōhanga me te whai hua.

Ngā rauemi hei whakamahi

I hokona te anga tautoko mai i te hua whata paparanga maha o te mākete, 1.5 m te roa, 0.6 m te whānui, me te 2.0 m te teitei. He rino te rauemi, he mea rehu me te ātete waikura, ā, ko ngā kokonga e whā o te anga tautoko he mea whakapiripiri ki ngā wira parai whānui; i tīpakohia te pereti rara hei whakapakari i te pereti paparanga anga tautoko he mea hanga ki te pereti rino 2 mm te matotoru me te maimoatanga ārai waikura kirihou rehu, e rua ngā wahi mō ia paparanga. He mea hanga te oko whakatipu ki te ngongo tapawhā wai-waikura PVC taupoki tuwhera, 10 cm × 10 cm. He papa PVC mārō te rauemi, he 2.4 mm te matotoru. Ko te whānui o ngā kōhao whakatipu he 5 cm, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā kōhao whakatipu he 10 cm. Ko te tāke otinga matūkai, te tāke wai rānei he mea hanga ki te pouaka kirihou he 7 mm te matotoru o te pakitara, he 120 cm te roa, he 50 cm te whānui, ā, he 28 cm te teitei.

Hoahoa Hanganga Pūrere Whakatipu

E ai ki te mahere hoahoa whānui, e whā ngā wāhanga o te taputapu whakatipu whānau kua oti te hanga: he pūnaha tautoko, he pūnaha whakatipu, he pūnaha wai me te tongi, me te pūnaha tāpiri rama (ko te nuinga he rama whakatipu LED). Ko te tohatoha i roto i te pūnaha e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1.

E whakaaturia ana te tohatoha i roto i te pūnaha i te Pikitia 1.

Te hoahoa pūnaha tautoko

Ko te pūnaha tautoko o te taputapu whakatipu whānau kua oti te hanga he pou poutū, he kurupae me he pereti paparanga. Ka whakauruhia te pou me te kurupae mā roto i te whitiki kōhao pūrerehua, he mea watea ki te wetewete me te huihui. He pereti paparanga rara whakakaha te kurupae. Ko ngā kokonga e whā o te anga whakatipu kua whakapirihia ki ngā wira whānui me ngā pēki hei whakanui ake i te ngāwari o te nekehanga o te taputapu whakatipu.

Te hoahoa pūnaha ahuwhenua

He ngongo tapawhā hydroponic te ipu whakatipu, he 10 cm × 10 cm te rahi, he hoahoa taupoki tuwhera, he ngāwari ki te horoi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakatipu otinga matūkai, te whakatipu papa whenua, te whakatipu oneone rānei. I roto i te whakatipu otinga matūkai, ka whakanohoia te kete whakato ki roto i te kōhao whakato, ā, ka whakapirihia ngā tipu ki te hautai o ngā whakaritenga e rite ana. Ina whakatipuhia te papa whenua, te oneone rānei, ka whakakīia he hautai, he kākahu rānei ki roto i ngā kōhao hono i ngā pito e rua o te awa whakatipu hei ārai i te papa whenua, i te oneone rānei kei aukati i te pūnaha waikeri. Ka honoa ngā pito e rua o te ipu whakatipu ki te pūnaha tohanga mā te ngongo rapa he 30 mm te whānui o roto, e ārai ana i ngā hapa o te whakapakeketanga hanganga i puta mai i te herenga kāpia PVC, kāore e pai mō te nekehanga.

Te Hoahoa o te Pūnaha Whakawhiti Wai me te Tongi

I roto i te whakatipu matūkai, whakamahia he papu whakarerekē hei tāpiri i te matūkai ki te tāke whakatipu taumata-runga, me te whakahaere i te ahunga rere o te matūkai mā te mono o roto o te paipa PVC. Hei karo i te rere koretake o te matūkai, ka whakamahia e te matūkai i roto i te tāke whakatipu paparanga kotahi te tikanga rere "āhua-S" kotahi-aronga. Hei whakanui ake i te nui o te hāora o te matūkai, ina rere te paparanga raro o te matūkai ki waho, ka hangaia he āputa i waenganui i te putanga wai me te taumata wai o te tāke wai. I roto i te whakatipu oneone, oneone rānei, ka whakatakotoria te tāke wai ki te paparanga o runga, ā, ka mahia te whakamakuku me te whakamomona mā te pūnaha whakamakuku maturuturu. Ko te paipa matua he paipa PE mangu he diameter 32 mm me te matotoru pakitara 2.0 mm, ā, ko te paipa peka he paipa PE mangu he diameter 16 mm me te matotoru pakitara 1.2 mm. Ia paipa peka Tāutahia he takirere hei whakahaere takitahi. Ka whakamahia e te pere maturuturu he pere maturuturu tika kua whakatikatikahia te pēhanga, 2 mō ia kōhao, ka whakaurua ki roto i te pakiaka o te tipu i roto i te kōhao whakatipu. Ka kohia te wai taikaha mā te pūnaha rerenga wai, ka tātarihia, ā, ka whakamahia anō.

Pūnaha Tāpiri Mārama

Ina whakamahia te taputapu whakatipu mō te hanga taupee, ka taea te whakamahi i te mārama taiao mai i te taupee me te kore he mārama tāpiri, he iti rānei te mārama tāpiri. Ina whakatipu i roto i te rūma noho, me mahi te hoahoa rama tāpiri. Ko te rama he rama whakatipu LED 1.2 m te roa, ā, ka whakahaerehia te wā whakamārama e te taima aunoa. Ka whakatakotoria te wā whakamārama ki te 14 hāora, ā, ko te wā whakamārama kore-tāpiri he 10 hāora. E whā ngā rama LED i ia paparanga, ka tāutahia ki raro o te paparanga. Ka honoa ngā ngongo e whā i runga i te paparanga kotahi i roto i te raupapa, ā, ka honoa ngā paparanga i roto i te whakarara. E ai ki ngā hiahia rama rerekē o ngā tipu rerekē, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te rama LED me ngā whānuitanga rerekē.

Te Huihuinga Pūrere

He māmā noa te hanganga o te taputapu whakatipu kāinga kua oti te hanga (Pikitia 2) ā, he māmā noa te tukanga whakahiato. I te taahiraa tuatahi, whai muri i te whakatau i te teitei o ia paparanga kia rite ki te teitei o ngā hua kua whakatipuria, whakauruhia te kurupae ki roto i te kōhao pūrerehua o te pou poutū hei hanga i te anga o te taputapu; i te taahiraa tuarua, whakapirihia te ngongo rama whakatipu LED ki te taha whakakaha i muri o te paparanga, ka whakanoho i te paparanga ki roto i te awa o roto o te kurupae whakawhiti o te anga whakatipu; i te taahiraa tuatoru, ka honoa te awa whakatipu me te pūnaha tohanga wai me te tongi mā te ngongo rapa; i te taahiraa tuawhā, tāutahia te ngongo LED, whakatakotoria te taima aunoa, ka whakanoho i te tāke wai; i te taahiraa tuarima - te patuiro pūnaha, tāpirihia te wai ki te tāke wai. Whai muri i te whakatikatika i te pane papu me te rere, tirohia te pūnaha tohanga wai me te tongi me te hononga o te tāke whakatipu mō te turuturu wai, whakakāhia, ka tirohia te hononga rama LED me te āhua mahi o te taima aunoa.

Pikitia 2, te hoahoa whānui o te taputapu whakatipu kua oti te hanga

Te Whakamahinga me te Aromatawai

Tono Whakatipu

I te tau 2019, ka whakamahia te taputapu mō te whakatipu huawhenua i roto i te whare, pērā i te rētihi, te kāpeti Hainamana, me te tōreri (Pikitia 3). I te tau 2020, i runga i te whakarāpopototanga o ngā wheako whakatipu o mua, i whakawhanakehia e te tīma kaupapa te whakatipu rauemi rauropi o te huawhenua rite kai me te rongoā me te hangarau whakatipu otinga matūkai o te Begonia fimbristipula hance, i whakarei ake i ngā tauira tono kāinga o te taputapu. I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei o te whakatipu me te tono, ka taea te hauhake i te rētihi me te huawhenua tere i roto i te 25 rā i muri i te whakatipu i te pāmahana o roto o te 20-25℃; me tupu te tōreri mō te 35-40 rā; he tipu ā-tau te Begonia fimbristipula Hance me te kāpeti Hainamana ka taea te hauhake i ngā wā maha; ka taea e te Begonia fimbristipula te hauhake i ngā kakau me ngā rau 10 cm o runga i roto i te 35 rā pea, ā, ka taea te hauhake i ngā kakau me ngā rau taitamariki i roto i te 45 rā pea mō te whakatipu kāpeti. Ina hauhaketia, ko te hua o te rētihi me te kāpeti Hainamana he 100~150 karamu ia tipu; Ko te hua o te herewi mā me te herewi whero mō ia tipu he 100~120 karamu; ko te hua o te Begonia fimbristipula Hance i te kotinga tuatahi he iti, 20-30 karamu mō ia tipu, ā, mā te pihi tonu o ngā manga taha, ka taea te hauhake mō te wā tuarua, me te wā okiokinga o te 15 rā pea, ā, ko te hua he 60-80 karamu mō ia tipu; ko te hua o te kōhao tahua whāngai he 50-80 karamu, ka hauhakehia kotahi i ia 25 rā, ā, ka taea te hauhake tonu.

Pikitia 3, Te whakamahinga whakaputa o te taputapu whakatipu kua oti te hanga

Pānga Taupānga

I muri i te neke atu i te tau o te hanga me te tono, ka taea e te taputapu te whakamahi katoa i te wāhi toru-ahu o te rūma mō te whakaputa iti o ngā momo hua. He māmā noa iho te ako i ana mahi uta me te tango, ā, kāore he whakangungu ngaio e hiahiatia ana. Mā te whakarerekē i te hiki me te rere o te papu wai, ka taea te karo i te raruraru o te rere nui me te waipuke o te otinga matūkai i roto i te tāke whakatipu. Ko te hoahoa taupoki tuwhera o te tāke whakatipu ehara i te mea he ngāwari ki te horoi i muri i te whakamahinga, engari he ngāwari hoki ki te whakakapi ina pakaru ngā taputapu. Ka honoa te tāke whakatipu ki te ngongo rapa o te pūnaha tohanga wai me te tongi, e whakatutuki ana i te hoahoa ā-pūrua o te tāke whakatipu me te pūnaha tohanga wai me te tongi, ā, ka karo i ngā ngoikoretanga o te hoahoa whakauru i roto i te taputapu hydroponic tuku iho. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i te taputapu mō te rangahau pūtaiao i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te haumākū ka taea te whakahaere, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakaputa hua o te whare. Ehara i te mea ka penapena noa i te wāhi whakamātautau, engari ka tutuki hoki i ngā whakaritenga o te taiao whakaputa, inā koa te ōritetanga o te taiao tipu pakiaka. Whai muri i te whakapainga ngāwari, ka taea hoki e te taputapu whakatipu te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga rerekē o te taiao rhizosphere, ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā whakamātautau pūtaiao tipu.

Pūtake tuhinga: Pūkete Wechat oHangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua (māra whare kati kōtuhi) 

Nga korero tohutoro: Wang Fei,Wang Changyi,Shi Jingxuan,et al.Te hoahoa me te whakamahinga o te taputapu whakatipu whare kua oti te hanga[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2021,41(16):12-15.