Kaituhi: Zhang Chaoqin. Puna: DIGITIMES

Ko te tere o te pikinga o te taupori me te ia o te whanaketanga o te noho tāone nui e tika ana kia akiakihia, kia whakatairangahia hoki te whanaketanga me te tipu o te umanga pāmu poutū. E whakaarohia ana ka taea e ngā pāmu poutū te whakaoti i ētahi o ngā raruraru o te whakaputa kai, engari mēnā he otinga pumau mō te whakaputa kai, e whakapono ana ngā tohunga kei reira tonu ngā wero.

E ai ki ngā pūrongo a Food Navigator me The Guardian, me ngā rangahau a te United Nations, ka piki te taupori o te ao mai i te 7.3 piriona tāngata o nāianei ki te 8.5 piriona tāngata i te tau 2030, me te 9.7 piriona tāngata i te tau 2050. E ai ki te whakatau a te FAO, hei whakatutuki me te whāngai i te taupori i te tau 2050, ka piki ake te whakaputanga kai mā te 70% ki te whakataurite ki te tau 2007, ā, i te tau 2050 me piki ake te whakaputanga witi o te ao mai i te 2.1 piriona tāne ki te 3 piriona tāne. Me takirua te mīti, kia piki ake ki te 470 miriona tāne.

Kāore pea te whakatikatika me te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu whenua mō te mahi ahuwhenua e whakatau i te raruraru i ētahi whenua. Kua whakamahia e te UK te 72% o ōna whenua mō te mahi ahuwhenua, engari me kawemai tonu te kai. Kei te ngana hoki te United Kingdom ki te whakamahi i ētahi atu tikanga mahi ahuwhenua, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā kauhanga whakaeke hau i mahue mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao mō te whakato katiariki rite. Kei te whakamahere hoki te kaiwhakaū a Richard Ballard ki te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o te whakato i te tau 2019.

I tētahi atu taha, he arai anō hoki te whakamahinga wai ki te whakaputa kai. E ai ki ngā tatauranga a te OECD, tata ki te 70% o te whakamahinga wai mō ngā pāmu. Ka whakanuia anō hoki e te huringa āhuarangi ngā raruraru whakaputa. Me whāngai anō hoki te pūnaha whakaputa kai i te taupori tāone e tere tipu haere ana me te iti ake o ngā kaimahi taiwhenua, te iti o te whenua me ngā rauemi wai. Ko ēnei take te mea e akiaki ana i te whanaketanga o ngā pāmu poutū.
Mā ngā āhuatanga iti o te whakamahinga o ngā pāmu poutū ka puta mai ngā whai wāhitanga ki te whakauru i ngā mahi ahuwhenua ki te tāone, ā, ka taea hoki te tata atu ki ngā kaihoko o te tāone. Ka whakaitihia te tawhiti mai i te pāmu ki te kaihoko, ka whakapotohia te mekameka tuku katoa, ā, ka nui ake te hiahia o ngā kaihoko o te tāone ki ngā puna kai me te ngāwari ake o te urunga atu ki ngā mahi kai hou. I mua, ehara i te mea ngāwari ki ngā tāngata o te tāone te uru atu ki ngā kai hauora hou. Ka taea te hanga pāmu poutū i roto tonu i te kīhini, i tō rātou ake kāinga. Koinei te karere nui rawa atu e tukuna ana e te whanaketanga o ngā pāmu poutū.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka pā nui te whakamahi i te tauira pāmu poutū ki te mekameka tuku ahuwhenua tuku iho, ā, ka tino whakaitihia te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā ahuwhenua tuku iho pērā i ngā maniua hangai, ngā patu pepeke me ngā patu taru. I tētahi atu taha, ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā pūnaha HVAC me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kia mau tonu ai ngā āhuatanga pai mō te āhuarangi me te whakahaere wai awa. Ko te ahuwhenua poutū te tikanga ka whakamahi i ngā rama LED motuhake hei whakaata i te hihi o te rā me ētahi atu taputapu hei whakatakoto i te hoahoanga o roto, o waho rānei.

Kei roto hoki i te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā pāmu poutū te "hangarau atamai" kua whakahuatia ake nei mō te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga taiao me te arotau i te whakamahinga o te wai me ngā kohuke. Ka whai wāhi nui anō hoki te hangarau Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT). Ka taea te whakamahi hei tuhi i ngā raraunga tipu tipu. Ka taea te whai i te hauhake o ngā hua me te aroturuki mā ngā rorohiko, mā ngā waea pūkoro rānei i ētahi atu wāhi.

Ka taea e ngā pāmu poutū te whakaputa kai nui ake me te iti o ngā rauemi whenua me te wai, ā, he tawhiti atu i ngā maniua matū kino me ngā patupatu. Heoi, ko ngā whata whakarārangi i roto i te rūma e hiahia ana ki te kaha nui atu i te ahuwhenua tuku iho. Ahakoa he matapihi kei roto i te rūma, he maha ngā take e hiahiatia ana te mārama horihori. Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere āhuarangi te whakarato i te taiao whakatipu pai rawa atu, engari he nui hoki te kaha e pau ana.

E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te Tari Ahuwhenua o te UK, ka whakatipuria te rētihi i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, e kiia ana e 250 kWh (kilowatt-haora) te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō ia mita tapawha o te wāhi whakato i ia tau. E ai ki ngā rangahau mahi tahi a te German DLR Research Center, he nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi pāmu poutū o te wāhi whakato kotahi te rahi, arā, 3,500 kWh ia tau. Nō reira, ko te whakapai ake i te whakamahinga kaha e whakaaetia ana he kaupapa nui mō te whanaketanga hangarau o ngā pāmu poutū ā muri ake nei.

Hei tāpiritanga, he raruraru pūtea haumi anō hoki kei ngā pāmu poutū. Kia mutu te mahi a ngā kaipupuri moni whakangao, ka mutu te pakihi arumoni. Hei tauira, i whakatūria a Paignton Zoo i Devon, UK, i te tau 2009. Ko tētahi o ngā tīmatanga pāmu poutū tuatahi. I whakamahia e rātou te pūnaha VertiCrop hei whakatipu huawhenua rau. E rima tau i muri mai, nā te korenga o ngā moni i muri mai, ka tīmata te pūnaha ki te hītori. Ko te kamupene i whai ake ko Valcent, i muri mai ko Alterrus, ā, ka tīmata ki te whakatū i tētahi tikanga whakato whare kati kōtuhi i Kanata, ā, i mutu i te korenga o te mahi.