Whakarāpopototanga: I ngā tau tata nei, me te tūhuratanga tonu o ngā hangarau ahuwhenua hou, kua tere hoki te whanaketanga o te umanga wheketere tipu. E whakaatu ana tēnei pepa i te āhua o nāianei, ngā raruraru o nāianei me ngā ārai whanaketanga o te hangarau wheketere tipu me te whanaketanga ahumahi, ā, e titiro whakamua ana ki te ia whanaketanga me te tirohanga whakamua o ngā wheketere tipu ā muri ake nei.

1. Te āhua o nāianei o te whanaketanga hangarau i roto i ngā wheketere tipu i Haina me tāwāhi

1.1 Te āhua o nāianei o te whanaketanga hangarau o tāwāhi

Mai i te rautau 21, ko te rangahau i ngā wheketere tipu kua aro nui ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mārama, te waihanga i ngā taputapu pūnaha whakatipu maha-paparanga-toru-ahu, me te rangahau me te whakawhanake i te whakahaere me te mana whakahaere atamai. I te rautau 21, kua ahu whakamua te auahatanga o ngā puna rama LED ahuwhenua, e whakarato ana i te tautoko hangarau nui mō te whakamahinga o ngā puna rama penapena hiko LED i roto i ngā wheketere tipu. Kua mahia e Te Whare Wānanga o Chiba i Hapani he maha ngā auahatanga i roto i ngā puna rama tino whai hua, te whakahaere taiao penapena hiko, me ngā tikanga whakatipu. Ka whakamahia e Te Whare Wānanga o Wageningen i Netherlands te hangarau whakaata taiao-huawhenua me te arotau hihiri hei whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha taputapu atamai mō ngā wheketere tipu, e whakaiti nui ana i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakapai ake i te hua o te mahi.

I ngā tau tata nei, kua āta whakatinanahia e ngā wheketere tipu te mahi aunoa-haurua o ngā tukanga whakaputa mai i te rui, te whakatipu tipu, te whakatō, me te hauhake. Kei mua a Hapani, a Hōrana, me te Hononga o Amerika, me te taumata tiketike o te mīhini, te aunoatanga, me te mohio, ā, kei te whanake haere i te huarahi o te ahuwhenua poutū me te mahi kore tangata.

1.2 Te tūnga whanaketanga hangarau i Haina

1.2.1 Ngā taputapu hangarau motuhake mō te pūtake rama LED me te penapena pūngao mō te rama horihori i roto i te wheketere

Kua whakawhanakehia ngā pūtake rama LED whero me te kikorangi motuhake mō te whakaputa i ngā momo tipu i roto i ngā wheketere tipu, tētahi i muri i tētahi. Ko te mana kei waenga i te 30 ki te 300 W, ā, ko te kaha o te mārama e whiti ana ko te 80 ki te 500 μmol/(m2•s), ka taea te whakarato i te kaha o te mārama me te whānuitanga paepae e tika ana, ngā tawhā kounga mārama, kia tutuki ai te pānga o te penapena pūngao tino whai hua me te urutau ki ngā hiahia o te tipu me te māramatanga o ngā tipu. Mō te whakahaere i te wera o te pūtake mārama, kua whakaurua te hoahoa wera kaha o te pā o te pūtake mārama, e whakaiti ana i te tere pirau o te pūtake mārama, ā, e whakarite ana i te roa o te ora o te pūtake mārama. Hei tāpiri, kua whakaarohia he tikanga hei whakaiti i te wera o te pūtake mārama LED mā te otinga matūkai, te tohanga wai rānei. Mō te whakahaere i te wāhi o te pūtake mārama, e ai ki te ture whanaketanga o te rahi o te tipu i te wāhanga tipu me te wāhanga o muri mai, mā te whakahaere nekehanga wāhi poutū o te pūtake mārama LED, ka taea te whakamārama i te tuanui o te tipu i tawhiti tata, ā, ka tutuki te whāinga penapena pūngao. I tēnei wā, ko te whakapaunga hiko o te rama horihori o te wheketere ka eke ki te 50% ki te 60% o te whakapaunga hiko katoa o te wheketere. Ahakoa ka taea e te rama LED te penapena i te 50% o te hiko ki te whakataurite ki ngā rama hihiko, kei reira tonu te kaha me te hiahia ki te rangahau i te penapena me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko.

1.2.2 Hangarau me ngā taputapu whakatipu-toru-ahu maha-paparanga

Ka whakaitihia te āputa paparanga o te whakatipu maha-paparanga-toru-ahu nā te mea ka whakakapia te rama rama rama LED e te rama rama kanapa, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga wāhi-toru-ahu o te whakatipu tipu. He maha ngā rangahau mō te hoahoa o te raro o te moenga whakatipu. Kua hangaia ngā rārangi kua whakaarahia hei whakaputa i te rere pōrearea, ka taea te āwhina i ngā pakiaka tipu ki te mimiti i ngā matūkai i roto i te otinga matūkai kia ōrite, me te whakanui ake i te kukū o te hāora rewa. Mā te whakamahi i te papa whakatipu, e rua ngā tikanga whakatipu, arā, ko ngā kapu whakatipu kirihou o ngā rahi rerekē, ko te aratau whakatipu hautai porowhita rānei. Kua puta he pūnaha moenga whakatipu ka taea te neke, ā, ka taea te pana ā-ringa i te papa whakato me ngā tipu i runga i tētahi pito ki tētahi pito, ka kitea te aratau whakaputa o te whakato i tētahi pito o te moenga whakatipu me te hauhake i tētahi pito. I tēnei wā, kua whakawhanakehia he maha ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu whakatipu maha-paparanga-toru-ahu e hangai ana ki te hangarau kiriata wai matūkai me te hangarau rere wai hohonu, ā, kua puta ake te hangarau me ngā taputapu mō te whakatipu papa o ngā rōpere, te whakatipu huawhenua rau me ngā putiputi. Kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau kua whakahuatia.

1.2.3 Hangarau me ngā taputapu mō te tohatoha o te otinga matūkai

I muri i te whakamahinga o te otinga matūkai mō tētahi wā, me tāpiri he wai me ngā huānga kohuke. Ko te tikanga, ko te nui o te otinga matūkai hou kua oti te whakarite me te nui o te otinga waikawa-pūtake ka whakatauhia mā te ine i te EC me te pH. Me tango ngā matūriki nui o te paru, te kiri pakiaka rānei i roto i te otinga matūkai mā te tātari. Ka taea te tango i ngā wai pakiaka i roto i te otinga matūkai mā ngā tikanga photocatalytic hei karo i ngā arai tonu o te kotinga i roto i te hydroponics, engari he tūponotanga kei roto i te wātea o ngā matūkai.

1.2.4 Hangarau me ngā taputapu whakahaere taiao

Ko te ma o te hau o te wāhi whakaputa tētahi o ngā tohu nui o te kounga o te hau o te wheketere. Me whakahaere te ma o te hau (ngā tohu o ngā matūriki iri me ngā huakita kua tau) i roto i te wāhi whakaputa o te wheketere i raro i ngā āhuatanga hihiri ki te taumata neke atu i te 100,000. Ko te whakaurunga o te patu huakita rauemi, te maimoatanga kaukau hau e tomo mai ana ki ngā kaimahi, me te pūnaha horoi hau rere o te hau hou (pūnaha tātari hau) he mea tiaki taketake katoa. Ko te pāmahana me te haumākū, te kukū CO2 me te tere o te rere o te hau i roto i te wāhi whakaputa tētahi atu mea nui o te whakahaere kounga hau. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, mā te whakatū taputapu pēnei i ngā pouaka whakaranu hau, ngā awa hau, ngā tomokanga hau me ngā putanga hau ka taea te whakahaere ōrite i te pāmahana me te haumākū, te kukū CO2 me te tere o te rere o te hau i roto i te wāhi whakaputa, kia tutuki ai te ōritetanga o te wāhi me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tipu i ngā wāhi rerekē. Ko te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana, haumākū me te kukū CO2 me te pūnaha hau hou kua whakauruhia ki roto i te pūnaha hau rere. Me whakamahi ngātahi ngā pūnaha e toru i te paipa hau, te tomokanga hau me te putanga hau, ā, me tuku hiko mā te pā hau hei whakatutuki i te rere o te hau, te tātari me te patu huakita, me te whakahou me te ōrite o te kounga o te hau. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia kore he pepeke me he mate i roto i te wheketere o te tipu, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he paninga patu pepeke. I taua wā anō, ka whakamanahia te ōrite o te pāmahana, te haumākū, te rere o te hau me te kukū CO2 o ngā āhuatanga taiao tipu i roto i te tuanui kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te tipu.

2. Te Āhua Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahumahi Whare Hanga

2.1 Te āhua o nāianei o te umanga wheketere tipu o tāwāhi

I Hapani, he tere te rangahau me te whanaketanga me te ahumahi o ngā wheketere rama horihori, ā, kei te taumata ārahi rātou. I te tau 2010, i whakarewahia e te kāwanatanga o Hapani te 50 piriona yen hei tautoko i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau me te whakaaturanga ahumahi. E waru ngā whare wānanga tae atu ki te Whare Wānanga o Chiba me te Japan Plant Factory Research Association i whai wāhi. I whakahaerehia e te Japan Future Company te kaupapa whakaaturanga ahumahi tuatahi o tētahi wheketere me te putanga o ia rā o te 3,000 tipu. I te tau 2012, ko te utu whakaputa o te wheketere tipu he 700 yen/kg. I te tau 2014, i oti te wheketere wheketere hou i Taga Castle, Miyagi Prefecture, ā, koia te wheketere tipu LED tuatahi o te ao me te putanga o ia rā o te 10,000 tipu. Mai i te tau 2016, kua uru ngā wheketere tipu LED ki te ara tere o te ahumahi i Hapani, ā, kua puta ake ngā umanga pakaru-taurite, whai hua rānei tetahi i muri i tetahi. I te tau 2018, i puta mai ngā wheketere tipu nui me te kaha whakaputa o ia rā o te 50,000 ki te 100,000 tipu, tētahi i muri i tētahi, ā, i whanake haere ngā wheketere tipu o te ao ki te whanaketanga nui, ngaio me te mohio. I taua wā anō, ka tīmata a Tokyo Electric Power, Okinawa Electric Power me ētahi atu mara ki te haumi ki ngā wheketere tipu. I te tau 2020, ko te wāhanga mākete o te rētihi i hangaia e ngā wheketere tipu Hapanihi ka eke ki te 10% o te mākete rētihi katoa. I roto i ngā wheketere tipu momo rama horihori neke atu i te 250 e mahi ana i tēnei wā, 20% kei roto i te wā e ngaro ana te moni, 50% kei te taumata pakaru-taurite, ā, 30% kei roto i te wā whai hua, e uru ana ki ngā momo tipu kua whakatōkia pērā i te rētihi, ngā otaota, me ngā tipu.

Ko Hōrana tētahi o ngā kaiārahi o te ao i roto i te ao hangarau whakakotahi o te mārama o te rā me te mārama horihori mō ngā wheketere tipu, me te taumata tiketike o te mīhini, te aunoatanga, te mohio me te kore kaimahi, ā, kua kaweake inaianei i tētahi huinga hangarau me ngā taputapu katoa hei hua kaha ki te Middle East, Awherika, Haina me ētahi atu whenua. Kei Newark, New Jersey, USA te pāmu American AeroFarms, me te whānuitanga o te 6500 m2. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakatipuria ana ngā huawhenua me ngā mea kakara, ā, ko te putanga he 900 tana ia tau.

Te mahi ahuwhenua poutū i AeroFarms

Ko te wheketere tipu ahuwhenua poutū o Plenty Company i te Hononga o Amerika e whakamahi ana i ngā rama LED me te anga whakato poutū he 6 mita te teitei. Ka tupu ngā tipu mai i ngā taha o ngā ipu whakato. Mā te whakamakuku ā-papa, kāore e hiahiatia he papu tāpiri mō tēnei tikanga whakato, ā, he pai ake te wai i te ahuwhenua tuku iho. E kī ana a Plenty e 350 ngā wā ka nui ake te hua o tana pāmu i te pāmu tuku iho, engari kotahi ōrau noa iho o te wai e whakamahia ana.

Te wheketere ahuwhenua poutū, Kamupene Plenty

2.2 Te umanga wheketere tūnga i Haina

I te tau 2009, i hangaia te wheketere whakaputa tuatahi i Haina me te mana whakahaere atamai hei pūtake, ā, i whakahaerehia ki Changchun Agricultural Expo Park. Ko te rahi o te whare he 200 m2, ā, ka taea te aro turuki aunoa i ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te pāmahana, te haumākū, te mārama, te CO2 me te kukū matūkai o te wheketere i te wā tonu hei whakatutuki i te whakahaere atamai.

I te tau 2010, i hangaia te Wheketere o Tongzhou ki Beijing. Ko te hanganga matua he hanganga maitai māmā papa kotahi, ā, ko te whānuitanga katoa o te hanganga he 1289 m2. He rite tōna āhua ki te waka rererangi, e tohu ana i te ahuwhenua Haina e ārahi ana i te whakaterenga ki te hangarau matatau o te ahuwhenua hou. Kua whakawhanakehia ngā taputapu aunoa mō ētahi mahi whakaputa huawhenua rau, kua whakapai ake i te taumata aunoatanga whakaputa me te whai huatanga whakaputa o te wheketere. Kei te whakamahia e te wheketere he pūnaha papu wera pūtake whenua me te pūnaha whakaputa hiko o te rā, e pai ake ai te whakaoti rapanga o ngā utu whakahaere nui mō te wheketere.

Te tirohanga o roto, o waho hoki o te wheketere tipu o Tongzhou

I te tau 2013, he maha ngā kamupene hangarau ahuwhenua i whakatūria ki te Rohe Whakaaturanga Hangarau-Tiketike Ahuwhenua o Yangling, Porowini o Shaanxi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa wheketere tipu kei te hangaia me te whakahaerehia kei roto i ngā papa whakaaturanga hangarau-tiketike ahuwhenua, e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaaturanga pūtaiao rongonui me ngā mātakitaki whakangahau. Nā te iti o ā rātou mahi, he uaua ki ēnei wheketere tipu pūtaiao rongonui te whakatutuki i te hua nui me te whai huatanga teitei e hiahiatia ana e te ahumahi, ā, ka uaua ki a rātou te noho hei momo ahumahi matua a muri ake nei.

I te tau 2015, i mahi tahi tētahi kaihanga maramara LED nui i Haina me te Institute of Botany o te Chinese Academy of Sciences ki te tīmata tahi i te whakatūnga o tētahi kamupene wheketere tipu. Kua whiti atu i te umanga optoelectronic ki te umanga "photobiological", ā, kua waiho hei tauira mō ngā kaihanga LED Hainamana ki te haumi ki te hanganga o ngā wheketere tipu i roto i te ahumahi. Kei te whakapau kaha tana wheketere tipu ki te haumi ahumahi ki te photobiology hou, e whakauru ana i te rangahau pūtaiao, te whakaputa, te whakaaturanga, te whakatipu me ētahi atu mahi, me te whakapaipai rēhita o te 100 miriona yuan. I te marama o Hune 2016, i oti te hanga o tēnei wheketere tipu me te whare papa-toru e kapi ana i te rohe o te 3,000 m2 me te rohe whakatipu neke atu i te 10,000 m2, ā, kua whakamahia. I te marama o Mei 2017, ko te tauine whakaputa o ia rā ko te 1,500 kg o ngā huawhenua rau, he rite ki te 15,000 tipu rētihi ia rā.

Ngā tirohanga mō tēnei kamupene

3. Ngā raruraru me ngā ārai e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā wheketere

3.1 Ngā Raru

3.1.1 Te utu nui mō te hanga

Me whakaputa hua ngā wheketere i roto i tētahi taiao kati. Nō reira, me hanga he kaupapa tautoko me ngā taputapu tae atu ki ngā hanganga tiaki o waho, ngā pūnaha hauhautanga, ngā puna mārama horihori, ngā pūnaha whakatipu paparanga maha, te tohanga o te otinga matūkai, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere rorohiko. He nui te utu hanga.

3.1.2 Te utu whakahaere nui

Ko te nuinga o ngā pūtake mārama e hiahiatia ana e ngā wheketere tipu i ahu mai i ngā rama LED, e pau ana te hiko nui, ā, e whakarato ana i ngā whānuitanga e rite ana mō te tipu o ngā hua rerekē. Ko ngā taputapu pēnei i te hauhautanga, te hauhautanga, me ngā papu wai i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o ngā wheketere tipu ka pau hoki te hiko, nō reira he nui te whakapaunga o ngā pire hiko. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, i roto i ngā utu whakaputa o ngā wheketere tipu, ko te utu hiko te 29%, ko te utu mahi te 26%, ko te whakahekenga uara rawa pumau te 23%, ko te takai me te kawe te 12%, ā, ko ngā rauemi whakaputa te 10%.

Te wehewehe i ngā utu whakaputa mō te wheketere

3.1.3 Te iti o te taumata aunoatanga

He iti noa te taumata aunoa o te wheketere tipu e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā, ā, me mahi ā-ringa tonu ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakatipu purapura, te whakatō, te whakato mara, me te hauhake, ā, ka nui te utu mahi.

3.1.4 Ngā momo hua iti ka taea te whakatipu

I tēnei wā, he iti noa iho ngā momo hua e tika ana mō ngā wheketere tipu, ko te nuinga he huawhenua rau matomato e tere tupu ana, e ngāwari ana te tango i ngā pūtake mārama horihori, ā, he iti hoki ngā taupoki. Kāore e taea te whakato nui mō ngā whakaritenga whakato uaua (pērā i ngā hua e hiahia ana kia whakapūpūngia, me ētahi atu).

3.2 Rautaki Whakawhanake

I runga i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te umanga wheketere, me whakahaere he rangahau mai i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te hangarau me te whakahaere. Hei whakautu i ngā raruraru o nāianei, ko ngā mahi hei ārai i tēnei.

(1) Whakakaha ake i te rangahau mō te hangarau atamai o ngā wheketere tipu, me te whakapai ake i te taumata o te whakahaere kaha me te whakapai ake. Mā te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere me te whakahaere atamai ka āwhina i te whakatutuki i te whakahaere kaha me te whakapai ake o ngā wheketere tipu, ka taea ai te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi me te penapena mahi.

(2) Te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu hangarau wheketere tipu kaha, whai hua hoki, kia tutuki ai te kounga teitei me te hua nui i ia tau. Mā te whakawhanake i ngā whare me ngā taputapu whakatipu tino whai hua, ngā hangarau me ngā taputapu rama penapena hiko, me ētahi atu, hei whakapai ake i te taumata atamai o ngā wheketere tipu, ka whai hua ki te whakatutukitanga o te whakaputanga tino whai hua i ia tau.

(3) Whakahaerehia he rangahau mō ngā hangarau whakatipu ahumahi mō ngā tipu whai uara nui pērā i ngā tipu rongoā, ngā tipu tiaki hauora, me ngā huawhenua onge, whakanuia ngā momo hua e whakatipuria ana i roto i ngā wheketere tipu, whakawhānui i ngā huarahi hua, me te whakapai ake i te tīmatanga o te hua.

(4) Whakahaerehia he rangahau mō ngā wheketere tipu mō te whakamahinga o te whare me te arumoni, whakarei ake i ngā momo wheketere tipu, me te whakatutuki i te hua tonu me ngā mahi rerekē.

4. Te Auahatanga Whakawhanake me te Tirohanga o te Wheketere Whakatipu

4.1 Te Auahatanga o te Whanaketanga Hangarau

4.1.1 Te whakaaroaro tukanga-katoa

I runga i te whakakotahitanga o te mīhini-toi me te tikanga ārai mate o te pūnaha hua-rōpoti, ngā taputapu whakatō me te hauhake tere-teitei, ngāwari, kore-whakangaro, ngā tikanga whakahaere maha-ahu me te maha-mīhini maha-ahu, me ngā tikanga whakahaere mahi tahi maha-mīhini, me te rui kore-kaimahi, whai hua, kore-whakangaro i roto i ngā wheketere tipu teitei - Me waihanga he rōpoti atamai me ngā taputapu tautoko pēnei i te whakatō-hauhake-tākai, kia tutuki ai te mahi kore-kaimahi o te tukanga katoa.

4.1.2 Kia atamai ake te whakahaere whakaputa

I runga i te tikanga urupare o te tipu me te whanaketanga o te hua ki te hihi mārama, te pāmahana, te haumākū, te kukū CO2, te kukū matūkai o te otinga matūkai, me te EC, me hanga he tauira tauanga o te urupare taiao-huawhenua. Me whakatū he tauira matua rautaki hei tātari hihiri i ngā mōhiohio ora o ngā huawhenua rau me ngā tawhā taiao whakaputa. Me whakatū hoki te pūnaha tautuhi hihiri ipurangi me te pūnaha whakahaere tukanga o te taiao. Me hanga he pūnaha whakatau whakaaro horihori mahi tahi maha-mīhini mō te tukanga whakaputa katoa o tētahi wheketere ahuwhenua poutū nui-rahi.

4.1.3 Te whakaputanga waro iti me te penapena pūngao

Te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere pūngao e whakamahi ana i ngā pūtake pūngao hou pērā i te rā me te hau hei whakaoti i te tuku hiko, me te whakahaere i te whakapaunga pūngao kia tutuki ai ngā whāinga whakahaere pūngao tino pai. Te hopu me te whakamahi anō i ngā tukunga CO2 hei āwhina i te whakaputanga hua.

4.1.3 Te uara nui o ngā momo kounga teitei

Me whakamahi i ngā rautaki whai hua hei whakatipu i ngā momo tipu rerekē he nui te uara tāpiri mō ngā whakamātautau whakato, me hanga he pātengi raraunga mō ngā tohunga hangarau whakatipu, me whakahaere rangahau mō te hangarau whakatipu, te kōwhiringa kiato, te whakaritenga kakau witi, te urutau ki ngā momo me ngā taputapu, me te whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga hangarau whakatipu paerewa.

4.2 Ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga ahumahi

Ka taea e ngā wheketere tipu te whakakore i ngā here o ngā rauemi me te taiao, te whakatutuki i te whakaputanga ahuwhenua ahumahi, me te kukume mai i te whakatupuranga hou o te hunga mahi ki te whakauru atu ki te whakaputanga ahuwhenua. Ko te auahatanga hangarau matua me te ahumahi o ngā wheketere tipu o Haina kei te noho hei kaiārahi o te ao. Mā te tere o te whakamahinga o te pūtake rama LED, te mamati, te aunoatanga, me ngā hangarau atamai i roto i te mara o ngā wheketere tipu, ka kukume mai ngā wheketere tipu i te haumitanga whakapaipai, te kohikohi taranata, me te whakamahi i te kaha hou, ngā rauemi hou, me ngā taputapu hou. Mā tēnei, ka taea te whakatinana i te whakaurunga hōhonu o te hangarau mōhiohio me ngā whare me ngā taputapu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te taumata atamai me te taumata kore tangata o ngā whare me ngā taputapu, te whakaiti tonu i te whakamahinga pūngao pūnaha me ngā utu whakahaere mā te auahatanga tonu, me te whakatipu haere i ngā mākete motuhake, ka arahi ngā wheketere tipu atamai i te wā koura o te whanaketanga.

E ai ki ngā pūrongo rangahau mākete, ko te rahi o te mākete ahuwhenua poutū o te ao i te tau 2020 he US$2.9 piriona anake, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke te rahi o te mākete ahuwhenua poutū o te ao ki te US$30 piriona i te tau 2025. Hei whakarāpopototanga, he whānui ngā tūmanakohanga tono me te wāhi whanaketanga o ngā wheketere tipu.

Kaituhi: Zengchan Zhou, Weidong, etc

Ngā mōhiohio tohutoro:Te Āhuatanga o Nāianei me ngā Tirohanga mō te Whakawhanaketanga o te Ahumahi Whare Hanga [J]. Hangarau Hangarau Ahuwhenua, 2022, 42(1): 18-23.na Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, et al.